Crank And Slotted Lever Mechanism Engineering Essay

Crank And Slotted Lever Mechanism design EssayIn a kinematic chain when one and only(a) necktie is fixed, thence that chain is known as apparatus. It may be used for transmittance or trans motleying enquiry for example engine indicators, symbolwriters etc.1A chemical mechanism which has four links is known as simple mechanism, and a mechanism which has to a greater extent than four links is known as complex mechanism. A mechanism which is inevitable to transmit some finicky image of work is knows as machines. In sure cased the elements have to be designed to fend the forces safely.A mechanism is a kinematic chain in which kinematic pits argon committed in such a way that first link is conjugate to the last link to transmit a predetermined strained frontThe various parts of the mechanism be called as links or elements. When two links are in contact and a carnal knowledge front is possible, then they are known as a duet. An overbearing set of a link which forms a closed chain which is sufficient of sex act motion and that sight be made into a unmitigated structure by adding a single link is known as kinematics chain. To form a mechanism from a kinematics chain one of the link must be fixed. The technique obtaining divergent mechanism by patch the various link in turn is knows as inversion. 2 common fig 1.1-Chart illustrating kinematic distich makes up a machineCHAPTER 2KINEMATIC PAIRSTwo links that discount move with respect to each other by a mechanistic constraint mingled with them, with one or more degrees of freedomThe relation motion surrounded by two links of a pair can take diametrical form. Three theatrical roles of pair are identified as raze pairs and these are the commonly occurring ones.Sliding Such as occurs between a piston and a cylinderTurning Such occurs with a oscillation on an axleScrew Motion Such as occurs between a nut and a boltAll other cases are con military positionred to be combination of sliding and rolling is called higher pairs. Screw pair is higher pair as it combines routine and sliding.2.1 Classification of Kinematic touchsSince kinematics pairs deals with relative motion between two links then can be classifies establish on the characteristics of relative motion between two bodies.The type of relative motion between the elementsThe type of contact between the elementsThe type of closure1The type of relative motion between the elementsThe kinematic pair according to type of relative motion can classified as belowSliding duplicateTurning PairRolling PairScrew Pair globose Pair2.1.2 The type of contact between the elementsThe kinematic pair according to type of contact between the elements can be classifiedLower PairHigher Pair2.1.3 The type of closureThe kinematic pair according to type of closure between the elements can be classified asself-importance -Closed PairForce -Closed Pair2.2 GRUBLERS CRITERION FOR PLANAR machineThe Grublers quantity applies to mechanism with only single degree of freedom joints where the overall movableness of the mechanism is unity.Subtituting n=1 and h=0 in kutzbach equivalence we have 3F= 3 (n-1) 2j hThe equation is known as Grublers criterion for plane mechanisms with constrained motion.2j-3n+h+4=0Where, F=number of degrees of freedom of a chainj= number of lower kinematic pairsh = number of higher kinematic pairsn= number of linksWhen F=1, the linkage is called a mechanism.When F=0 it forms a structure. That is an application of away force does not produce relative motion between every links of a linkageWhen F1 the linkage will require more than one external driving force 2 obtain constrained motionWhen F2.3 KINEMATIC CHAINA Kinematic Chain is defined as a closed network of links, affiliated by kinematic pairs so that the motion is constrained.First a network of links to give constrained motion, certain conditions are to be satisfied. lower limit number of three links is required to form a closed chain . The three links are affiliated with turning pairs. frame.2.1 (a) A Five-Link Kinematic Chain (b) Six-Link Kinematic Mechanism2.3.1 display cases of kinematic chainsThe virtually important kinematic chains are those which consists of four lower pairs, each pair being a sliding pair or a turning pairFour Bar Chain or Quadric cyclic ChainSingle Slider Crank chainDouble slider pettish chain2.3.2 InversionsInversion is a method of obtaining different mechanisms by fixing different links in a kinematic chain. A particular inversion of a mechanism may give rise to different mechanism of practical unity, when the proportions of the link are changed 2.CHAPTER 3SLOTTED LINK loyal RETURN chemical mechanismSlotted link mechanism which is commonly used in maker mechanism. The mechanism which converts rotary motion of electric motor and adapt box into the reciprocating motion of ram which is the most simple and compact machine.3 name 3.1 Slotted link mechanismThe slotted link mechanism which is primary(prenominal)ly divided into septet main parts .They areA Clam declivityg nutB dossC Link DD Crankpin AE Slotted ice-skating rink BF Bull WheelG GlotSlotted link mechanism gives ram the higher velocity during the bring to stroke (i.e. Non cutting stroke) .Then the in front stroke which reduces the wasting during the hark back stroke. 4When the bull wheel is rotated the techy pin A is also rotated side by side through the slot the untoughened B. This makes the slotted crank B.This makes the slotted crank to oscillate around one end C.The oscillation motion of slotted crank makes ram to reciprocate. The negotiate D is required to accommodate the rise and fall of the crank.Crank spill A decides the length of the strokes of the manufacturing business. The further its away from the center of the bull wheel longer is its stroke.The cutting stroke of the ram is complete while crank pin moves from A to A1 and slotted link goes from left to right.During re turn stroke pin moves from A1 to A and link moves from right to leftCutting judgment of conviction/ unused epoch = Angle of AZA1/ Angles of AZA23.1 SHAPER MECHANISMThe working of a shaper mechanism is that it has two stokes. One is antecedent stroke and the other is return stroke. Clearing up more about these two strokes is that in the forward stroke the material is feeded, where as in the return stroke is an wakeful stroke when no material is feeded.6 physique 3.2 Shaper Mechanism pliant process which involves only short setup time and uses only brassy peckerwoods. establishment is used for the production of gears ,splined guessings racks etc. it can produce one or two such parts in a shaper less time that is required to setup for production. Other alternatively equipment with a higher output rate is required. 5The cost per cubic cm of alloy removal by shaping may be as five times more than that of the removal by milling or broaching. Shaping machines are mainly used in lie with rooms or pose shops.3.2 SHAPER CUTTING SPEEDThe cutting speed depends onThe type of material used.The amount of material removed.The kinds of tool material.The rigidity of machine.3.4 diversity BETWEEN WHITHWORTH AS WELL AS QUICK RETURN MECHANISM level best pressure is holding the ram down the slides so that stabilise is most necessary on entering the cutIn Whitworth motion, the main pressure is in the correct place, less pressure is required in center of stroke.Slotted link motion is opposite to all the points explained above.Not withstanding the payment stated above for the Whitworth motion, constructional difficulty make it more suitable for traversing enquiry shaping machines and slotting machines, so that the crank motion, despite its restrictions finds universal adaptation for the newspaper column style of shaping machines.6CHAPTER 4DESIGN OF CRANK AND SLOTTED prise MECHANISM human body and fabrication of crank and slotted lever mechanism and also doing the geomorphological and thermal depth psychology of crank shaft. Drawing the velocity diagram of the mechanism. bod 4.1 Dimensions for the components use AutoCADDESIGNING USING CATIAThe design of different components is explained here using Catia.SLOTTED jimmySlotted lever connected to the crank shaft which provides the forward and indisposed motion of the tool post. The drawing is make as per the dimensions shown above. contrasting cyclorama of the slotted lever is also explained digit 4.2 Design of slotted leverFIG4.3 Different be given fancy of slotted leverCRANK SHAFTCrank shaft which is connected to flywheel with the help of a motor , which provides the rotation of the crank shaft as well as the rotation of the slotted lever connected to it. The drawing is done as per the dimensions shown above. Different view of the crank shaft is also explained build 4.4 DESIGN of crank shaftFig 4.5 Different angle view of crank shaftTOOL POSTTool post which is connected to slotted leve r, where the tool is connected to it which is used for the cutting of materials. The drawing is done as per the dimensions shown above. Different view of the Tool post is also explainedFig 4.6 Design of tool postFig 4.7 Different angle view of tool postTOOL CUTTERTool cutter is connected to the tool which is used to cut the material. The design is done as per assumed dimensions. Different view of the Tool is also explained.Fig 4.8 Design of toolFig 4.9 Different angle view of tool5.2 FABRICATION OF CRANK AND SLOTTED LEVERWith the help of above design of different components it has been combined together to form a crank and slotted lever mechanism which is seen mainly in shaper machines.Fig4.10 Design of crank and slotted lever mechanismThe final fabrication model will be represented as shown below.Fig4.11 Final Design of crank and slotted lever mechanism4.3 MODEL FABRICATIONTo conclude my Assigned protrude I hereby affix few photos of crank and slotted quick return mechanism indica ting the functioning the same.Fig 4.12 FABRICATED MODEL OF CRANK AND SLOTTED LEVERFig 4.13 SLOTTED LEVER CONNECTED TO THE LEVERCHAPTER 5STRUCTURAL AND thermic ANALYSIS OF CRANK SHAFTCrank and slotted lever mechanism, crank shaft which acts as the rotating device which helps the slotted lever forward and backward movement. Therefore analyzing the different propertied which take place in a crank shaft5.1 STRUCTURAL ANALYSISFig 5.1 Crank shaft used for analysis units display board 1Unit carcass mensural (m, kg, N, s, V, A) Degrees radian/s CelsiusAngleDegreesRotational Velocityrad/s temperatureCelsius deterrent example (C4)Geometry turn off 2 sham (C4) Geometry object glass referenceGeometry recite fully delineate explanationSourceCUsersPATRICKDesktopPAPArollcageSUDEEP actuate1.CATPart fictitious characterCatia5 distance UnitMillimeters gene ControlProgram ControlledDisplay StylePart colourationBounding encaseduration X2.e-002 m length Y0.20055 mLength Z0.19999 mPropertiesVolume6 .2904e-004 m survey4.938 kg denture Factor Value1.StatisticsBodies1Active Bodies1Nodes3258Elements556 net calculated no(prenominal)Preferences issue Solid BodiesYes present moment Surface BodiesYesImport variant BodiesNoParameter impactYesPersonal Parameter reportDSCAD Attribute TransferNo designd Selection impactNo existent Properties TransferNoCAD AssociativelyYesImport form placementsNoReader Save Part levelNoImport victimization InstancesYesDo Smart UpdateNoAttach File Via Temp FileYesTemporary DirectoryCUsersPATRICKAppselective informationLocalTemp compend Typethree-D conflate Import Resolution no(prenominal)Enclosure and Symmetry ProcessingYes flurry 3Model (C4) Geometry Parts mark call forthPart 1State engagementedGraphics PropertiesVisibleYesTransparency1DefinitionSuppressedNoStiffness BehaviorFlexible orchestrate outlineDefault form SystemReference TemperatureBy surroundMaterialAssignment morphologic SteelNonlinear EffectsYesthermic put out EffectsYesBounding BoxLength X2.e-002 mLength Y0.20055 mLength Z0.19999 mPropertiesVolume6.2904e-004 mMass4.938 kgCentroid X1.e-002 mCentroid Y-1.9072e-004 mCentroid Z-1.9565e-004 m meaning of inertia Ip12.4661e-002 kgmMoment of inactivity Ip21.2451e-002 kgmMoment of Inertia Ip31.2537e-002 kgmStatisticsNodes3258Elements556 betroth MetricNone mastermind SystemsTABLE 4Model (C4) order Systems Coordinate SystemObject NameGlobal Coordinate SystemStateFully defineDefinitionTypeCartesianAnsys System keep down0.OriginOrigin X0. mOrigin Y0. mOrigin Z0. mDirectional VectorsX axis of rotation selective information 1. 0. 0. Y Axis Data 0. 1. 0. Z Axis Data 0. 0. 1. pursueTABLE 5Model (C4) lock inObject Name maneuverStateSolvedDefaultsPhysics PreferenceMechanical relevance0SizingUse sophisticated sizing Function move out relevance CenterCoarseElement SizeDefault sign Size SeedActive AssemblySmoothingMediumTransition riotous cross Angle CenterCoarse token(prenominal) Edge Length2.e-002 m largenessUse Auto matic Tet InflationNoneInflation pickSmooth TransitionTransition Ratio0.272Maximum Layers5 egression Rate1.2Inflation AlgorithmPreView Advanced OptionsNoAdvancedShape CheckingStandard MechanicalElement Midside NodesProgram Controlled truthful Sided ElementsNo build of RetriesDefault (4)Rigid Body BehaviorDimensionally trimMesh MorphingDisabledPinchPinch TolerancePlease assign go on RefreshNoStatisticsNodes3258Elements556Mesh MetricNonestatic geomorphological (C5)TABLE 6Model (C4) AnalysisObject Name passive morphologic (C5)StateSolvedDefinitionPhysics Type morphologicAnalysis TypeStatic Structural convergent thinker calculateANSYS MechanicalOptionsEnvironment Temperature22. CGenerate infix OnlyNoTABLE 7Model (C4) Static Structural (C5) Analysis SettingsObject NameAnalysis SettingsStateFully DefinedStep ControlsNumber Of Steps1.Current Step Number1.Step End Time1. sAuto Time SteppingProgram ControlledSolver ControlsSolver TypeProgram ControlledWeak SpringsProgram Controlled Large DeflectionOffInertia ReliefOffNonlinear ControlsForce crossingProgram ControlledMoment ConvergenceProgram ControlledDisplacement ConvergenceProgram ControlledRotation ConvergenceProgram ControlledLine SearchProgram ControlledOutput ControlsCalculate tenseYesCalculate twineYesCalculate Results AtAll Time PointsAnalysis Data ManagementSolver Files DirectoryFansyshallo_filesdp0SYS-1MECHFuture AnalysisNoneScratch Solver Files DirectorySave ANSYS dbNoDelete surplus FilesYesNonlinear originNoSolver UnitsActive SystemSolver Unit SystemmksTABLE 8Model (C4) Static Structural (C5) RotationsObject NameRotational VelocityStateFully Defined settingGeometryAll BodiesDefinitionDefine ByVectororder of magnitude200. rad/s (ramped)AxisDefinedSuppressedNoFig 5.2 Graph showing rotational velocityTABLE 9Model (C4) Static Structural (C5) LoadsObject NameFrictionless deportStateFully DefinedScopeScoping systemGeometry SelectionGeometry1 FaceDefinitionTypeFrictionless SupportSuppressedNoS olution (C6)TABLE 10Model (C4) Static Structural (C5) SolutionObject NameSolution (C6)StateSolvedAdaptive Mesh RefinementMax Refinement Loops1.Refinement Depth2.TABLE 11Model (C4) Static Structural (C5) Solution (C6) Solution selective informationObject NameSolution cultureStateSolvedSolution InformationSolution OutputSolver OutputNewton-Raphson Residuals0Update separation2.5 sDisplay PointsAllTABLE 12Model (C4) Static Structural (C5) Solution (C6) ResultsObject NameTotal Deformation stripped-down star Elastic Strain separate out IntensityMiddle pass strainingEquivalent focusingStateSolvedScopeScoping MethodGeometry SelectionGeometryAll BodiesDefinitionTypeTotal DeformationMinimum principal Elastic StrainStress IntensityMiddle Principal StressEquivalent (von-Mises) StressByTimeDisplay TimeLastCalculate Time storyYesIdentifierUse AverageYesResultsMinimum8.5255e-009 m-8.1173e-006 m/m5.3895e+005 Pa-4.8689e+005 Pa5.3642e+005 PaMaximum7.9016e-007 m-8.1177e-007 m/m3.0171e +006 Pa1.2909e+006 Pa2.7325e+006 PaInformationTime1. sLoad Step1Substep1 closed circuit Number1TABLE 13Model (C4) Static Structural (C5) Solution (C6) ResultsObject NameShear StressVector Principal Elastic StrainStrain EnergyStateSolvedScopeScoping MethodGeometry SelectionGeometryAll BodiesDefinitionTypeShear StressVector Principal Elastic StrainStrain Energy tasteXY PlaneByTimeDisplay TimeLastCoordinate SystemGlobal Coordinate SystemCalculate Time HistoryYesUse AverageYesIdentifierResultsMinimum-3.4345e+005 Pa5.6327e-007 JMaximum3.4345e+005 Pa1.1931e-005 JInformationTime1. sLoad Step1Substep1Iteration Number1Material DataStructural SteelTABLE 14Structural Steel ConstantsDensity7850 kg m-3Coefficient of thermic Expansion1.2e-005 C-1Specific Heat434 J kg-1 C-1Thermal Conductivity60.5 W m-1 C-1Resistivity1.7e-007 ohm mTABLE 15Structural Steel Compressive crowning(prenominal) authorisationCompressive Ultimate chroma Pa0TABLE 16Structural Steel Compressive Yield specialnessCom pressive Yield Strength Pa2.5e+008TABLE 17Structural Steel Tensile Yield StrengthTensile Yield Strength Pa2.5e+008TABLE 18Structural Steel Tensile Ultimate StrengthTensile Ultimate Strength Pa4.6e+008TABLE 19Structural Steel Alternating StressAlternating Stress PaCyclesMean Stress Pa3.999e+0091002.827e+0092001.896e+0095001.413e+00910001.069e+00920004.41e+008200002.62e+0081000002.14e+0082000001.38e+0081.e+00501.14e+0082.e+00508.62e+0071.e+0060TABLE 20Structural Steel Strain-Life ParametersStrength Coefficient PaStrength ExponentDuctility CoefficientDuctility Exponent cyclic Strength Coefficient PaCyclic Strain Hardening Exponent9.2e+008-0.1060.213-0.471.e+0090.2TABLE 21Structural Steel Relative permeablenessRelative Permeability10000TABLE 22Structural Steel Isotropic piece of cakeTemperature CYoungs Modulus PaPoissons Ratio2.e+0110.3Fig 5.3 Middle Principal StressFig 5.3 Principal StressFig 5.4 Strain EnergyFig 5.5 Minimm Principal Elastic StrainFig 5.6 Stress IntensityFig 5 .7 TOTAL DeformationFig 5.8 VECTOR Principal Elastic Strain5.2 THERMAL ANALYSISThermal Analysis is the heat developed in crank shaft.UnitsTABLE 1Unit SystemMetric (m, kg, N, s, V, A) Degrees rad/s CelsiusAngleDegreesRotational Velocityrad/sTemperatureCelsiusModel (D4)GeometryTABLE 2Model (D4) GeometryObject NameGeometryStateFully DefinedDefinitionSourceCUsersPATRICKDesktopPAPArollcageSUDEEPPart1.CATPartTypeCatia5Length UnitMillimetersElement ControlProgram ControlledDisplay StylePart ColorBounding BoxLength X2.e-002 mLength Y0.20055 mLength Z0.19999 mPropertiesVolume6.2904e-004 mMass4.938 kgScale Factor Value1.StatisticsBodies1Active Bodies1Nodes3258Elements556Mesh MetricNonePreferencesImport Solid BodiesYesImport Surface BodiesYesImport Line BodiesNoParameter ProcessingYesPersonal Parameter KeyDSCAD Attribute TransferNoNamed Selection ProcessingNoMaterial Properties TransferNoCAD AssociativityYesImport Coordinate SystemsNoReader Save Part FileNoImport Using InstancesYesDo Smart Up dateNoAttach File Via Temp FileYesTemporary DirectoryCUsersPATRICKAppDataLocalTempAnalysis Type3-DMixed Import ResolutionNoneEnclosure and Symmetry ProcessingYesTABLE 3Model (D4) Geometry PartsObject NamePart 1StateMeshedGraphics PropertiesVisibleYesTransparency1DefinitionSuppressedNoStiffness BehaviorFlexibleCoordinate SystemDefault Coordinate SystemReference TemperatureBy EnvironmentMaterialAssignmentStructural SteelNonlinear EffectsYesThermal Strain EffectsYesBounding BoxLength X2.e-002 mLength Y0.20055 mLength Z0.19999 mPropertiesVolume6.2904e-004 mMass4.938 kgCentroid X1.e-002 mCentroid Y-1.9072e-004 mCentroid Z-1.9565e-004 mMoment of Inertia Ip12.4661e-002 kgmMoment of Inertia Ip21.2451e-002 kgmMoment of Inertia Ip31.2537e-002 kgmStatisticsNodes3258Elements556Mesh MetricNoneCoordinate SystemsTABLE 4Model (D4) Coordinate Systems Coordinate SystemObject NameGlobal Coordinate SystemStateFully DefinedDefinitionTypeCartesianAnsys System Number0.OriginOrigin X0. mOrigin Y0. mOri gin Z0. mDirectional VectorsX Axis Data 1. 0. 0. Y Axis Data 0. 1. 0. Z Axis Data 0. 0. 1. MeshTABLE 5Model (D4) MeshObject NameMeshStateSolvedDefaultsPhysics PreferenceMechanicalRelevance0SizingUse Advanced Size FunctionOffRelevance CenterCoarseElement SizeDefaultinitial Size SeedActive AssemblySmoothingMediumTransitionFastSpan Angle CenterCoarseMinimum Edge Length2.e-002 mInflationUse Automatic Tet InflationNoneInflation OptionSmooth TransitionTransition Ratio0.272Maximum Layers5Growth Rate1.2Inflation AlgorithmPreView Advanced OptionsNoAdvancedShape CheckingStandard MechanicalElement Midside NodesProgram ControlledStraight Sided ElementsNoNumber of RetriesDefault (4)Rigid Body BehaviorDimensionally ReducedMesh MorphingDisabledPinchPinch TolerancePlease DefineGenerate on RefreshNoStatisticsNodes3258Elements556Mesh MetricNoneSteady-State Thermal (D5)TABLE 6Model (D4) AnalysisObject NameSteady-State Thermal (D5)StateSolvedDefinitionPhysics TypeThermalAnalysis TypeSteady-StateSolve r TargetANSYS MechanicalOptionsGenerate Input OnlyNoTABLE 7Model (D4) Steady-State Thermal (D5) Initial C