Ambition in Macbeth Essay

Julius Caesar once said When the gods wish to lead vengeance on a patch for his crimes they usu solelyy grant him considerable triumph and a period of impunity, so that when his issue is reversed he will discover it all the more bitterly. This excerpt directly reflects the problem with over opposition in effective all cases. beingness over ambitious can incur someone to enormous heights hardly usually also leads to their downfall. In William Shakespeares Macbeth, the situation is no different. Macbeth, the protagonist in the play, is cursed with over ambition. This affliction brings him to great heights in his career til now ultimately leads him to his downfall. Three main examples of Macbeths blind ambition go as follows.Near the beginning of the play Macbeth is awarded the bluish of the Thane of Cawdor by the late Kind Duncan subsequently he managed to capture the previous thane on crimes of trea countersign. Macbeth is temporarily content with his title scarcely t hat was not to last. Upon his wife, named Lady Macbeth, receiving word of a prophesy regarding Macbeth becoming king she begins to treat a plot to have Macbeth earmark power from Duncan. Macbeth, hesitantly accepts the plot subsequently much prodding from his wife by saying I am settled, and sheepfold up each corporal broker to this terrible feat. Away, and mock the time with fairest state false face must hold back what the false heart doth know. (1.7. 89-93) This but convey that he must hide his legitimate intentions from Duncan before he kills him.Shortly aft(prenominal) his coronation, Macbeth begins to fell unsafe with his position. He feels the delinquency bearing down on him at almost every moment in the day and he has trouble sleeping. He ponders the witches prophesy and realizes the next step that he must take. The witches stated that Banquo Thou shalt disturb kings, chiliadgh thou be no(prenominal) So all hail, Macbeth and Banquo (1.3.70-71) Given this knowle dge, Macbeth is upset that Banquo may overthrow Macbeth. He hires lead murderers to go out and kill Banquo and his son Fleance. He saysWell then, now fetch you considerd of my speeches? KnowThat it was he in the times past which held youSo under fortune, which you thought had beenOur innocent self-importance this I made good to youIn our last conference, passd in probation with you,How you were borne in hand, how crossd,the instruments, Who wrought with them, and all things else that might To half a somebody and to a notion crazed swan Thus did Banquo. (3.1.80-90)By saying this, he basically pins all of their troubles on Banquo and frankincense giving them understanding to kill him.The ternion and ultimately final example of Macbeths reckless ambition occurs when Macbeth has the family of MacDuff, one of his Thanes, killed to simply send a communicate to the population of Scotland that he was not to be trifled with. Coincidentally, the reason that spurred him on to do this and the reason MacDuff manages to persuade Prince Malcolm are quite closely connected. MacDuff escapes to England to chew up an army against Macbeth, upon arriving he is questioned by Malcolm who had take flight previously as to the reason for his arrival. The plainly thing that allowed MacDuff to convince Malcolm to do this for him was the frenzy he had mustered upon receiving word of his dead family. He exclaimsO, I could play the woman with tap eyesAnd braggart with my tongue But, gentle heavens,Cut short all break of serve front to frontBring thou this fiend of Scotland and myselfWithin my swords length set him if he scape, promised land forgive him too (4.3.269-273)In conclusion, these lead events had temporarily positive personal effects and huge lasting extremely negative effects on Macbeth and ultimately leading to his death. He did not remain content with the title bestowed upon him by Duncan and instead strive aft(prenominal) the title for king for himself. He sough t-after(a) to stop the prophesy bestowed upon him by the witches by having Banquo killed but revealing his guilt afterward. finally he had the family of a potentially fence thane murdered to send a message to him. Unchecked ambition has been the bane of almighty men and women throughout history and zero point has changed in William Shakespeares Macbeth.

'Love Blinds\r'

'The course of real turn in is not only unsmooth, it is too irrational, whimsical, and unpredictable. This truth write by William Shakespeare is on ample disclose in one of his most habitual romantic comedies, A Midsummer Nights woolgather. Theseus numberulates the correlation coefficient that exists mingled with the insanity often uttered in the actions of desire and the words of a poet during his speech near the end of the acquire when he observes that â€Å"The lunatic, the rooter, and the poet / Are of imagination all(prenominal) compact” (V. i. 7-8).The lunatic, have a go at itr and poet share the peculiarity of achieving a state of consciousness that lifts them spicy over the hindrances that come with logic and allows them to soaring sweetly over the chasm that give backside them gently at the feet of the heading of their desire. Theseus asserts that this jump of faith translate allows heaven to be trans strained into snake pit for the lunatic, while the lover is allowed to transform the ugly into the beautiful, or hell into heaven. The poet is allowed his own special power; that of a God who can create from zip either a heaven or hell.The implication found in Theseus observance is that desire is rattling just a fantastic illusion stripped of its truth. Is Shakespeare asseverate that desire is simply a wild emotion? If so, then(prenominal) would not that believe that Theseus desire for Hippolyta is a desire that is in some manner released from this bondage of fantasy? But if that is so, then how to explain how he so readily fixed his desire upon another? Shakespeare gives no facile answer to these questions. Shakespeare chooses alternatively to figure out the paradox in question here(predicate) the theme of the play.Throughout A Midsummer Nights Dream, the whimsey of love and desire is surveyed as the characters regulate forth on their respective journeys toward a love that is completely off-kilter while also maint aining a foundation of reality that belies the supernatural of the forest. Helenas speech in the opening diorama is the plays most direct evidence of Shakespeares thematic concern: â€Å"Things understructure and vile, holding no quantity / Love can convert to form and dignity./ Love looks not with the eyes, besides with the mind, /And consequently is winged Cupid painted projection screen” (I. i. 232-235). What Helena intuits is that desire is exempt from explanation, that it is unlike and maddeningly and, ultimately, has the single greatest make on human actions. Distraught over the revelation that her own beloved, Demetrius, is in love with Hermia instead of her, Helena asserts that though Demetrius is incapable of beholding she is as beautiful as Hermia.She believes that love is endowed with the authority to convert â€Å"base and vile” qualities into â€Å"form and dignity”- til now repulsiveness and bad behavior can see attractive to someone y ou love. She argues that since â€Å"love looks not with the eyes, notwithstanding with the mind” that love therefore is not based on aim analysis, but subjective perception. These lines anticipate facts of the plays assessment of love to come, including Titanias desire for the ass-headed Bottom, which stands as the summit of the transformation of the â€Å"base and vile” into â€Å"form and dignity.”The theme of loves unsmooth path is portray through the conceit of things being eccentric and out of repose throughout the eightfold romantic entanglements, focusing especially on the asymmetrical relationships between the four progeny Athenians: Hermia loves Lysander, Lysander loves Hermia, Helena loves Demetrius, and Demetrius loves Hermia instead of Helena. The course of true love in this play is in actuality a quest to restore quietus and set the world on an til now keel once again.The goal is to return back to symmetry. Even the relationship between Titania and Oberon is subject to the power of balance being lost. In this case, the off-kilter quality arises from Oberons coveting of Titanias Indian boy, which she believes is greater than his love for her. Of course, Titania herself will submit to the tilted perception in her desire for Bottom. A Midsummer Nights Dream proposes that no easy route exists that r from each onees the object of anyones desire.This is even true when both parties on are the same path and headed toward each other. Lysander and Hermia take this route, yet eventually sight a hindrance in the form of her fathers wish that she marry another. Shakespeare is remarkably baneful at demonstrating how desire can influence the course of true love even when that desire is not carnal. In the end, Shakespeare seems to touch on the idea that desire is not really in itself a false emotion, but is an illusion that often serves to make love false.\r\n'

'The European Parliament\r'

'The Efficiency of the Decision Making bear upon of EU sevens Last summons First notice Course Name Course Number 08 October 2012 The European sevens is separated into two jurisprudences, pristine and secondary. The primary legislation are the ground rules and earth for all EU work. The secondary legislation involves decisions, directives and regulations which are based on the objectives and commandment in the treaties (Bungenberg, 2011). How does the EU fan tan realize a decision? The standard decision-making service is called â€Å"Ordinary Legislative Procedure” or the co-decision.This presents the direct election in the EU Parliament that decides together in the EU legislation in the Council, both the EU legislation and Commission Drafts. The EU treaties is the root of the rule of law, this defines every taken action by the EU which is founded on treaties that retain been decided on democratic and conscious approval of the EU countries. This is the Treaty of Lisbon, which real the policy number of areas where the co-decision is employed (Bermann, 2011) The UE parliament also has more control to disdain any proposal in the Council.The directives, regulations and another(prenominal) acts are established to set sunrise(prenominal) EU treaties which are obtained by diverse forms of legal decisions. These legislation involve opinions, recommendations, directives and regulations, somewhat are creating, others are binding, some nookie be implemented to all EU nations, others not. The combined decision-making process of the EU parliament has shared to develop the effectiveness of EU policy when it comes to the environmental legislation in EU countries. The parliament, as veto agency with co-legislator in the procedure of co-decision, has been important to organizational actors.It is connected to the EU commission, which is a non-voted body, to point with its concern rights to the drafting of the election (Avbelj, 2011). Moreover, i ts lax institutions and interactions with other nations, the Council of Ministers, National Parliament and the EU Commission, have been specifically significant in creating more legitimate and appropriate benefits for the halal application of internalizing many environmental externalities, general policies (Campuzano, 2011).The decision making of the EU Parliament is efficient because they are guided by the objectives, cohesion and sustainable growth of the organization. References AVBELJ Matej, KOMAREK Jan (eds. ). original pluralism in the European Union and beyond. Oxford: Hart, 2011. BERMANN George (et al. ). Cases and materials on European Union law. St. Paul, MN: Thomson/West, 2011. BUNGENBERG Marc, GRIEBEL Jorn, HINDELANG Sreefen (eds. ). multinational investment law and EU law. Berlin: Springer, 2011. CAMPUZANO DIAZ Beatriz (et al. ). a la mode(p) developments in EU private planetary law. Cambridge: Intersentia, 2011.\r\n'

'Office Equipment Written Answers Essay\r'

'KNOWLEDGE & ampere; UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS\r\nUnit 221\r\nUse authorization Equipment\r\nLearner:Signature:\r\nAssessorSignatureDate\r\nOutcome 1: populate about different types of solve equipment and its engages\r\n1.1 Identify the different types of equipment and their uses phones & email ac screwledge people to contact you. Com dumb frameers leave you to process business data, bear down pictures, pdf files and other(a) files to customers, and vendors. Com doers to design ads, bud sucks, as well as tracking and paying employees. pressmans and copiers to bulk fashion documents in the least expensive bureau possible. Hole punches to allow piece lap to be primed(p) in binders or small folders easily. say machines to pick up con put togethered calls. localise it notes to add impressiveness to voice mail. Servers to allow septuple computers to access the same data.\r\n1.2 pick out their different features and what they bottomland be use for?\r\nComputers: Ema il, Word processing, internet, databases, file storage †Computers alonet be employ for contact and in two case researching things on the internet. Computers lowlife in addition be utilize to type professional letter or emails to customers. Files made fecal matter excessively be saved onto the computers memory and indeedce underside be edited or apply again. Computers be too sober for designing ads, look at bud tucker outs and can be used to track the allowance of employees. Answering machines: Answering machines are used to pick up messages that people whitethorn overhear leftfield you; it is normally used to ring customers back if you consume missed their call. A good form of affirmatory customer service. moving picturecopier & Printer: The printer is used to print off any cultivate you have through with(p) on the computer or any files you have been send or downloaded. Most regularly used for printing letter to customers and vendors. Photo cop iers can are used to imitate hard copies of files. You get small copiers which all copy files, or you can get a copier that can also print and scan documents to your computer.\r\n1.3 Explain why different types of equipment are chosen for tasks and what they are used for (e.g. to produce booklets)\r\n1) Computers are used to write garner and communicate be eccentric letters look more professional when typed out, and by communicating online via email, it forestalls the use of more paper.\r\n2) Printers and Photocopiers: These are used be event not all things can be done electronically, for example if a letter pick outed sending to a great get along of people, a hardcopy could be photocopied very much of terms. Or if you have the letter template already on your computer, you can print lots of copies\r\nOutcome 2: consider the purpose of the sustaining argument manual and health and precaution procedures\r\n2.1 why is it all-important(a) to follow manufacturer’ s instructions when operating equipment?\r\nManufacturers instructions are usually in get off to not unless protect the equipment from existence damaged, but to also flow you getting injured development the equipment. Instructions are there to thrust original you know how to use the equipment properly and how to use it without faults.\r\n2.2. Why is it important to follow organisational instructions when victimisation equipment?\r\nOrganisational instructions are instructions that organisations put in place, they whitethorn have policies on how much you print or who can use the equipment for safety sympathys. They whitethorn only have a photocopier in reception area so they know just now who is victimization it and when. It is important to follow instructions of an organisation because they are normally put in place to help things mental testing more smoothly and also for the safety of the staff.\r\n2.3 What are the health and safety procedures for employ different t ypes of equipment?\r\nThere should al dashs be a risk assessment in place for possible accidents in the office, health and safety procedures in the office whitethorn be as simple as putting your bag under your desk to stop slips and trips. The most common injury is caused by manual handling; moving unfathomed equipment in the wrong stylus can cause strains and pulled muscles. Another procedure that may be in place is, no fluids at your desk. If you were to spill fluids, it may cause an electrocution hazard 2.4 Why is it important to follow health and safety procedures when using equipment?\r\nHealth and safety procedures are in place to protect anyone from injury or harm, they’re there to prevent any hazards that may come into play in the office. In order to carry yourself and your colleagues safe, the procedures should be followed.\r\n2.5 Why is it important to keep equipment novel and hale?\r\nYou may not be the only person having to use the equipment and it is only c ourtesy to keep the equipment as you found it. Equipment should be kept clean and hygienic to prevent picking up illnesses such as cold and flu, and also to keep it pleasant. A sticky desk or keyboard and a crumby desk isn’t the nicest mess to tidy up when it isn’t your own.\r\nOutcome 3: Understand how to use equipment in a way that minimises risky\r\n3.1 take in examples of waste when using equipment]\r\nThe biggest source of waste is paper, every time a letter is opened, the envelope is thrown and twisted outdoor(a), and when printing goes wrong the paper is thrown away. Ink cartridges from printers and photocopiers are thrown away when empty, as are multiple pens when they pull out out of ink.\r\n3.2 Give examples of ways to come down waste\r\nThere are multiple ways to reduce waste, one of them existence electronically. If people have email accounts, then letters can be sent this way rather than via post. Another way is to recycle waste, although maybe thi s may cause the same amount of waste, it will be used to make another mint candy of usable paper or other supplies.\r\n3.3 Explain why you should minimise waste\r\nReducing waste saves money and also is eco friendly. By printing on both sides of paper, the cost of paper is decreased by half. It can also maximise outer space in the office, by having less paper supplies around the office, more space becomes forthcoming in its place.\r\nOutcome 4: Know about the different types of problems that may make pass when using equipment and how to tidy sum with them\r\n4.1 Give examples of equipment problems\r\n practiced faults can happen regularly in an office where lots of equipment is used in one place. Faults can include big businessman shortages, phone line faults and technical faults on computers. Other faults can include leaves with the printers or copiers and also issues with shortages of stationary. In order to prevent these issues, regular checks should be carried out on stocks and also the electrical equipment.\r\n4.2 Explain why you should follow manufacturer’s instruction and organisation procedures when dealing with problems\r\nManufacturer’s instructions en accepted you are using the equipment in the right way and so reduces the chances or breakages via using the equipment wrongly. Organisations procedures make sure that the equipment is being used appropriately and so only the things that accept to be printed or copied should be. Both of these should help prevent problems, but should also help you deal with problems when they arise.\r\n4.3 Give examples of how to deal with problems\r\nA technical issue should always be reported to the technician who knows how to deal with the problem. But the ideal way to deal with these problems is regular checks on the equipment to make sure no issues are arising.\r\nOutcome 5: Understand the purpose of meeting cast standards and deadlines\r\n5.1 Explain the purpose of meeting wrick standards and deadlines when using equipment\r\nIf there are standards and deadlines in place for using equipment, it’s believably for a good reason. For example, you may get a task to type, print and send out a number of letters before a certain time. You should follow these deadlines as there is a chance that the letter is of high importance and may contain valuble information which they will need for a certain time. This is the same for any deadline, there will be an importance behind the deadline which will be the reason you have to have the task done for a certain time.\r\nOutcome 6: Understand the purpose of leaving equipment and the clear area ready for the next exploiter\r\n6.1 Explain the purpose of leaving equipment and the work area ready for the next user\r\nLeaving the equipment ready for the next user is manners, maybe the next people who use your work area wont need the stationery you’ve been using and won’t be using the same equipment you’ve been using. To have your area ready for the next person, make sure you leave it exactly how you found it when you started the day. Make sure it’s left how you would want to find it when you start work\r\n'

'Negotiating Indian and Chinese Culture\r'

'India is seventh largest res publica geographicly and the second most populous country in the demesne. It is a republican country. It is the communication channel for Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism. It has unity in variety and diversity in unity.\r\nThe name is derived from Indus, which is derived from the honest-to-goodness Persian word Hindu from sanskrit Sindhu, the historic local appellation for the Indus river (wikipedia, 2008)\r\nThe most postdateed horti horticulture is Hinduism. The national wrangle is Hindi, where as in that location argon 29 officially acknowledge spoken languages including Hindi and English.\r\nInfrastructure of India is very(prenominal) bewitching one, all the people promote and breed sacredism. Ancient philosophies like ayurveda yoga vastu ar practiced in India. We can down the thirst for holistic and spiritual inquiry. These argon the things which attract foreigners to visit India, and learn Indian culture. It is multilingual and multiethnic society. India is also called as home to diversity of wildlife which has variety of habitats.\r\nIndia is the humanness’s twelfth largest economy at market exchange rates and the trey largest in purchasing power. Economic reforms gather in transformed it into the second fastest growing economy in the world. (Kumar, 2008).\r\nIt is not practicable to find out exact origin of Indian people\r\nIndias ethnic record is extremely complex, and distinct racial divisions in the midst of peoples generally cannot be drawn clearly. However, Negroid, Australoid, Mongoloid, and Caucasian stocks atomic number 18 discernible. The first leash are represented mainly by tribal peoples in the southern hills, the plateau, Assam, the Himalayas, and the Andaman Islands. The main Caucasoid elements are the Mediterranean, including groups dominant in oftentimes of the north, and the Nordic or Indo-Aryan, a taller, fairer-skinned aura dominant in the northwest. The dark-co mplexioned Dravidians of the south curb a mixture of Mediterranean and Australoid features. In 1999, 72% of the existence was Indo-Aryan, 25% Dravidian, 3% Mongoloid and other. (nationsencyclopedia, 1999).\r\nIndia has so more festivals. hatful love to celebrate all the festivals. They keep up many rituals like pujas, fasting, feasting and all. Indian music takes classical, Hindustani, carnatic and also folk. Indian bound include bhangra, bharathanatyam, kathak, kuchipudi, and odissi. Though different regions arrive their own cultural dances, they like to go in in all kinds.\r\nIndia has rich tradition and traditions. These help people to keep up binding together. Customs include theatre warming ceremony, naming ceremony, pheras, touching feet etcetera Different religions include different prayers.\r\n hereditary pattern places in India include like Taj Mahal, Konark, Ajanta-Ellora, Mahabaleswar, and Khajuraho. holidaymaker places include Delhi, Rajasthan, Hyderabad, Mu mbai, Goa and more.\r\nChinese Culture\r\nThe culture of china is one of the world’s oldest and complex civilizations. It has a history of more than 5000 years. It has varied customs and traditions varying among cities, towns and provinces. tralatitious Chinese culture includes large geographical area. Each region has been divided into many sub-cultures. They include Sichuan, Yunnan Guizhou, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Hunan, and Hubei,\r\n fit to Wikipedia, there were three sovereigns and five emperors. Different periods of history encounter different names for the various positions at bottom society. Trades and crafts were usually taught by a sifu. (2008).\r\nthither has been a blurred line among religion, romance and phenomenon. There are many deities include in the tradition. Most recognized dedicated figures are Jade Emperor, Guan Yin, and Budai. Door paragon and Imperial guardian lions are spiritual symbols extended from mythology. People there in china still be lieve in fortune telling rituals.\r\nChina has the largest population of any country in the world. According to 2002 statistics, the total population of China is 1.28453 cardinal (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) or about one ordinal of the world population. China also has a very dense population, with approximately one hundred thirty-five people per square kilometer. ( CRI Online, 2002).\r\nThe main festivals of China includes Chinese new year, Double ninth Festival, The seventh day of seventh lunar month, Duanwu festival, The laba festival and The lantern festival.\r\nOfficial spoken language of China is Mandarin. Other spoken languages include Cantonese, Xiang, Min, Hakka and more.\r\nNegotiation\r\nWhen both the cultures of India and China are considered, it is hard to conclude which one is the best. When considering problem strategy electronic field is discharge better in China, where as most of else businesses including IT industry is growing well in India. When i t comes to living style of an Individual, India is better. It is mainly because India has follow up most of all world cultures. Especially western people get out not have any complaints workings for the clients in India. It may be because of the high school literacy, and huge practice of western culture.\r\n twain Indian and Chinese food has beautiful taste. When compared Chinese food is healthier and Indian food is tastier. People in India are more sophisticated than in China.\r\nReferences\r\nCRI Online (2002). Current situation of Chinese Population. Retrieved demonstrate 10, 2008, from\r\n; http://english.cri.cn/1702/2006-9-28/[email protected];\r\nEncyclopedia of the Nations (1999). India Ethnic Groups. Retrieved evidence 10, 2008.\r\n;http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Asia-and-Oceania/India-ETHNIC-GROUPS.html;\r\nThe Epoch Times. (2008, January 22). Australia Blind to India’s Boom. Retrieved promenade 10, 2008, from\r\n;http://en.epochtimes.com/news/8-1-22/ 64516.html;\r\nWikipedia. (2008, troop 10). Culture of China. Retrieved March 10, 2008, from\r\n;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_culture;\r\nWikipedia. (2008, March 10). India. Retrieved March 10, 2008, from\r\n;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India#_note-8;\r\n;\r\n;\r\n;\r\n;\r\n;\r\n;\r\n;\r\n;\r\n;\r\n;\r\n;\r\n;\r\n;\r\n;\r\n;\r\n'

'Objective Morality Essay\r'

'My purpose in paper this is to palisade for the humankind of an documentary worship base entirely on rational and scientific rea word of honoring. By â€Å" im personal devotion” I do non fairish in a flash think ab appear that devotion exists in the experience that various societies consider various doings to be im lesson. What I mean is that certain remain up tos ar inherently right or ill-use regardless of what any familiarity thinks just roughly them. In former(a) backchats, I mean that in that location is an â€Å" bearing chasteisticity” which exists individu whollyy of homophile sentiments and clement civilization.\r\n at that power atomic number 18 to a greater extent batch who admit the conviction that it is non potential to turn over in such(prenominal) an clinical ethics with let on worrywise believing in concepts such as graven image or an eternal soul. I look at that they be premature. I ordain exploit to signal that an target area honor adaptedity exists and that this clean-livingity is the uniform regardless of which religion, if any, is right-hand(a). some(prenominal) cracking deal turn over that with go forth a ghost wish framework, the solo possible conclusion is that both righteousity is nonhing more than a human fix with come in any aim existence.\r\nIn some early(a) words, what faith a person or a farming accepts is deal picking a favorent flavor of ice rink cream. nearly individuals choose strawberry ice cream, other individuals prefer chocolate, and no person’s penchant is â€Å"more countervail” than other’s. In a similar manner, they argue, divers(prenominal) individuals and unlike societies get hold of various favorite deterrent example belief establishments, and just as with ice cream, no item set of deterrent example beliefs is â€Å"more countervail” than any other. A common argument for this character reference of thought is the following. Throughout history, variant cultures permit had immensely antithetic moral systems.\r\nIn accompaniment, on almost any moral issue, it appears that thither is absolutely no agreement or consensus shared by level(p) a majority of the cultures throughout history. In asset to this, there appears to be no focus to prove the superiority of angiotensin converting enzyme moral system over a nonher use system of logic hardly when. So the except instruction in which whiz moral system chiffonier answeru anyy be the correct one is if religion is the tie breaker. That is, whichever determine system the â€Å"correct religion” pep ups is the correct value system. Otherwise, there is no counsel to decide between them. I entrust that this quality of argument is easily refuted.\r\nIn order to argue for the existence of an objective devotion, I im split up abide to do more than just point out the f jurisprudences in edges of reason out such as this. I pass on have to support my own arguments that an objective faith does exist, and I depart have to establish where this ethical motive â€Å"comes from”. I go out besides have to explain a process by which we mass attempt to determine what it is. This is what I state to do. I would first, though, like to entertain some time to point out some of the errors in the reasoning supra. There are ii points that the argument above makes.\r\nThe first regards the lack of consensus regarding morality. The assist involves the unfitness to prove the superiority of one moral system over a nonher victimization logic alone. It is on-key that throughout history, different cultures have held vastly different beliefs just approximately morality. These cultures have alike held vastly different beliefs regarding instinctive physical laws. Consider, for example, the belief in gravitation. Currently, it is intendd that the phenomena which we c entirely graveness is the result of the fact that objects with mass cause a curve b entirely in â€Å"space-time”.\r\nUnder this framework, we recollect that a clock located in a high gravitational issue get out appear to run pokey than an analogous clock in a region with low sedateness. We also believe, low this framework, that the lane of something without mass, such as a beam of light, is affected by gravity. This was non al ports the shimmy. At the beginning of the twentieth century, for example, it was believed that the phenomena of gravity is the result of the fact that all objects with mass exert an attractive depict on each other.\r\nAccording to this view, the path of a beam of light should be unaffected by gravity and identical alfileria should run at the alike speed e verywhere. This had non al appearances been the subject either. At an earlier time it was believed that the inborn place for objects such as flutters was on the ground speckle the natural place for things like steam was up in the sky. According to this perspective, rocks fell to the ground while steam rose because everything tends to go to its natural place. If we do a more consummate(a) examination, including all the cultures throughout all of history, we go forth find an even larger material body of intuitive pure tones regarding the law of gravity.\r\nThis does non, though, mean that there is no objective law of gravity which exists one by one of human order of magnitude. The beliefs in gravity which I described are attempts by human societies to approximate globe. Clearly, some approximations are cave in than others. Perhaps the circulating(prenominal) belief in the curvature of space-time is also absurd and will later be replaced by an even break away approximation. However, most people would have no problem agreeing that the curvature of space-time explanation of gravity is a split approximation to reality than the explanations which came forwards \r\nit. All that this shows is that even though different cultures hold very different beliefs slightly a certain issue, this does not inescapably signify that there is no objective reality behind these beliefs. The state which I will be arguing for is that this is the same for morality as it is for gravity. All the moral beliefs which came before us and all the moral beliefs today are, in on the nose the same way as in the oddball of gravity, approximations to the objective reality which exists individually of human beingnesss.\r\nAlthough probably none of these approximations correspond to reality exactly, as with gravity, some approximations are better than others. For example, the value system of a society which conthroughs slavery scarcely condemns keepnibalism is wrong, exclusively it is a better approximation to reality than that of a society which condones both slavery and buttnibalism. The claim that no one has yet been able to prove the correctness of a fini cal moral system through logic alone is also correct. However, if we continue the analogy with gravity, we will realize that no one has also been able to prove the existence of gravity through logic alone either.\r\nThe reason we believe that a rock will fall to the ground is because that is what we have always discovered when we have permit go of rocks in the past. There is a dinky more to it than that, of course, but not a good deal. Our current conjecture of gravity predicts many specific phenomena. These include rocks falling to the ground, planets orbiting the Sun, the origin of ocean tides by the moon, and identical clocks running at different speeds. The plainly reason wherefore we do believe in our current theory of gravity is because every time we have observed these phenomena, what we saw corresponded with what the theory predicted.\r\nIf we were deprived of these observations, we would have no reason to believe in gravity at all. There is no way, using logic a lone, that a person ass prove the existence of gravity or the superiority of one theory of gravity to another. It is only by using logical reasoning in combining with observation that a person bottomland argue for the existence of gravity. Even thus, it is not be possible to do so with total 100% assurance. The fact that the current theory of gravity has always do correct predictions in the past does not guarantee that the theory will bound correct predictions tomorrow.\r\nWhat a person can do, though, is to show, by using logical reasoning in combination with observations, that our theory of gravity is most likely true. This is what I intend to do for morality. There are, of course, some differences in arguing for an objective moral law and an objective gravitational law. Perhaps one of the most significant is that it is possible to construct equipment which quantitatively measure the effects of gravity. That is, it is possible to construct a speed sensor that tells you that a rock is moving with a velocity of ten meters per import at a certain moment in time.\r\nOn the other hand, it is not shortly possible to construct a morality meter which tells you that a certain put through is wrong with an nefariousness of ten immorality units. Nevertheless, this is an obstacle which I believe can easily be overcome. I will explain the way in which I overcome this obstacle a little bit later. For now, I would just like to point out that the fact that we can not build such a gamble uponor does not automatically imply that an objective morality does not exist. It was not that enormous ago that we were unable to detect or measure the existence of electrons.\r\nThis, however, does not imply that electrons did not exist in that time period. Electrons (objectively) existed regardless of whether or not we could build devices which detected them. The same, I believe, is true for morality. I have divided my raillery into four parts. The first part is this introduct ion. In the second part, I attempt to show that it is objectively wrong to torture another person for pleasure, and I wrangle where this objective morality â€Å"comes from”. In this second part, I do not deal with something even as mildly complicated as torturing one person to forestall the suffering of another.\r\nSince I am seek to show that an objective morality exists independently of human beliefs, just showing that there exists one follow out which is objectively wrong should be sufficient to demonstrate my gravel that some objective morality exists. However, just believing that an objective morality exists should not be overflowing to satisfy anyone’s inquiry into the matter. In part three, I discuss how we can determine what this objective morality says about controversial moral issues. As in the case of gravity, I only claim to have a mode to find skilful approximations to this objective moral law, not to get it exactly right the first time.\r\nBy ex penditure more time applying this method to a exceptional moral issue, we will reach better approximations. I appoint examples of how this method can be applied to issues such as abortion, war, animal rights, and forcing your morality on others. I also discuss if an movement which does not harm anyone can be immoral and if it is ever correct to say that one sprightliness is â€Å"worth more” than another. In addition, I give a method for establishing a belief about if another being possesses consciousness, which is useful in attempting to determine if we have an obligation to act virtuously towards that being.\r\nThe fourth part is relatively independent of the rest of my discussion. In part four, I briefly discuss other alternative views about the nature and origin of morality. I touch on several(prenominal) topics. I discuss how a belief in God can be harmonise with the position which I advocate and why I think that it is not logically consistent to hold the opinion t hat a belief in God is necessary in order to believe in an objective morality. I discuss moral systems based on ideas like karma and perfect justice which are ofttimes associated with reincarnation. I also discuss a few other views regarding morality and what I think their flaws are.\r\nI talk about what I think is wrong with persuasion of morality as just a social behavior which evolved to help our survival. I also discuss why I think that it is not possible to successfully base the foundation of a society on ego pertain or a social contract. I also mention why morality is much more than simply attempting to maximize a certain quantity such as happiness. Nowhere in my presentation do I discuss whether any particular religion is correct or incorrect. I limit my presentation to discussing the development of a belief in an objective morality without appealing to apparitional teachings.\r\nI do, though, show how my position can be reconciled with various ghostlike beliefs. I also show how the definition of morality which I am about to give can be reconciled with the theory of ontogenesis and natural selection. In addition, I discuss if moral beliefs improve in the long run with the passage of time. My definition of the word â€Å"morality” does not correspond to the way in which the word is usually used, but I believe that this definition almost approximates what â€Å"morality” is. In order to better explain my definition, I would first like to give an example of what â€Å"morality” is not.\r\n guess that a man comes home aft(prenominal)ward shopping for food for thought at a supermarket. When his son sees him, he comments on what good and moral people the owners of the supermarket must be. He remarks that the store owners must have been very kind and generous to give all this food to his family. How do you think that his suffer will answer? Clearly, the father will answer that the supermarket owners did not give him the food bec ause they were kind or generous people, but because it was in their self pursuit to do so. Although the store owners might indeed be good and moral people, this action is in no way any indicator of this.\r\nThey did what they did because they believed that the action would profit them, and for no other reason. This action, the father would conclude, says nonentity about the morality of the store owners. I will now give my definition. All actions can be placed into one of two categories. approximately actions can belong to both of these groups simultaneously. However, all actions must belong to at least(prenominal) one of these categories. The first group consists of all actions which we do out of self interest while not harming others. Simple examples of this are riding a bicycle or watching television.\r\nThese are activities which we lock in in because we believe that these activities will usefulness us. If an action belongs exclusively to this category, then it is of the s ame type as that of the supermarket owners in the previous example, and has goose egg to do with morality. The second group consists of two types of behavior. The first type is behavior which either harms or intends to harm others. The second type is behavior which we engage in, not because we believe that it will somehow benefit us in the long run, but because we believe that it will benefit others.\r\nThis includes any action we do, and any action which we refrain from doing, not for ourselves, but for others. It is with this second group of behaviors with which morality is concerned. Morality, then, is engaging in behavior, not out of self interest, but because it is in the interest of others. This is how I define morality. Many people would argue that altruistic actions belonging to the second group which I described do not exist. That is, they would argue that every action every person does is done out of self interest.\r\nIf a man gives capital to bounty, they say, he does so only because he gets a fond(p) and fuzzy feeling inside. If a cleaning lady donates blood, it is only because doing so makes her feel good about herself. This line of reasoning claims that all these seemingly kindly actions are really done out of self interest. That is, people engage in such activities only to get these good internal feelings which they want. I disagree with such thinking. Although it is correct that a woman who gives to charity will probably obtain a warm and fuzzy feeling\r\nfrom doing so, it is incorrect to assume that this is the only reason why she engages in this activity. This is an example of an action which can simultaneously fit both of the groups which I described. That is, this woman may be free to charity both because she feels good after doing so and because she wants to help others. In this case, so long as it is not done entirely out of self interest, it is understood related to morality. Some actions which people engage in fall exclusively in to my second category, and could never be explained in impairment of self interest.\r\nAn extreme example of this is when a person, who does not believe in an afterlife, makes a split second decision to give up his life for others, as in a case of a spend throwing his body on a live hand grenade in order to uphold his comrades. There is no way to argue that the soldier is doing this because he seeks a warm and fuzzy feeling inside, since he is not going to live long enough to enjoy it. Human beings often attempt to persuade others into behaving a certain way by pointing out that it is in their self interest to do so.\r\nA police officer may say, for example, that you shouldn’t drop off because there is a good chance that you will go to jail if you do. Similarly, a mother may tell her son that he will be punish if he his found misbehaving. None of this, though, in any way influences anyone to become a moral person. It just tells people how to assoil in their own self inte rest. The only lesson this would impart on the child is that if he wants to avoid punishment, he should not mis expect. This will not prevent him from misbehaving the moment he knows that his parents aren’t watching, or after he grows up and moves out of his parents’ house.\r\nSimilarly, this type of reasoning will not convince a person not to steal if he finds himself in a situation where the chances of being caught are small or non-existent. Nor is there, based on self interest alone, much reason for police officers, judges, and law makers to not abuse the power of their positions. What religions often do with regards to morality is to argue that it is always in a person’s self interest to behave â€Å"virtuously”. Some religions teach, for example, that if you engage in murder, rape, or torture, you will go to Hell.\r\nOthers teach that if you engage in such activities you are going to have a very unfortunate future(a) reincarnation. Others may believ e that there is no life after death, but that you will be punished in this life for engaging in improper acts. However, this does not really tell anyone to be a moral person. This, again, just tells people how to behave in their self interest. If a woman refrains from killing other people only because she does not want to go to Hell, or if a man gives to charity only because he does not want to be reincarnated as an insect, then these activities have nothing to do with morality.\r\nAs in the case of the supermarket owner, these people are just performing in their self interest. A religious person can, of course, be acting morally if he engages in activities for the purpose of benefiting others as well as pursuance a reward. It is just that, as with the supermarket owner, although an action may have the side effect of benefiting other people, it is not related to morality if seeking a reward or avoiding a punishment is the only motivation. But then the questions before us are the fo llowing.\r\nWithout devising an appeal to religion, why is it that we â€Å"should” behave â€Å"morally”? Why is it that we â€Å"should” engage in activities which benefit others and refrain from activities which harm others? In a situation where which course of action is moral is itself a matter of debate, how is it possible, without using religious concepts, to persuasively argue that a particular answer is in fact the correct one. It is these types of questions which I will attempt to answer.\r\n'

'Death of Stressman Essay\r'

' star of the factors that results in the rise of Hitler is the death of a exposed leader that brought stability and prosperity back to Germany. This capable leader is known as Gustav Stressman . Stressman died of a nubble attack on 3rd October 1929. On behalf of the Weimar government, Stressman had negotiated the Dawes and schoolboyish Plans for more time to pay reparations to the Allies. In 1925, he also helped to end the Ruhr occupation by French and Belgian troops which had begun in 1923 and signed the 1925 Locarno covenant with France and Britain, promising to respect Germany’s Western borders.\r\nThus, Germany’s relations with her former enemies improved and Germany was even allowed to be a member of the League of Nations. Therefore the historic period between 1924 and 1929 is considered as a golden age for Germany. Since then, Germany’s economic recovery depended on US loans. This made Germany vulnerable as it depended on the States’s ability to keep lending. Therefore when Stressman died and The slap-up depression started in 1929, thousands of business closed and millions of Americans were thrown out of work. It also affected economies around the world. The loans from the join States of America on which Germany depended dried up.\r\nThis resulted in the huge unemployment of many Germans which brought poverty to them. However, the Weimar government was helpless in solving the economic crisis without the leadership of Stressman which resulted in the German people to lose authorisation in twain the Weimar government and democracy. Therefore, the Germans started to search for any people or group that could help them . Hence ,due to the loss of confidence in the Weimar government, Hitler began to gain support from the Germans as they treasured a change of government and support national socialism which lead to the rise of Hitler.\r\n'

'Preparation and Reactivity of Sn1 2-Bromobutane\r'

'Preparation and SN1 Reactivity of 2-Bromobutane Paul DeJong de stopment of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790-4160 Submitted: April 4, 2013 Introduction The conclusion of part 1 of the lab is to make believe 2-Bromobutane using SN1 reactions. The purpose of part 2 of the lab is to determine the sex act reactivity of alkyl halides under SN1 conditions. Results and Discussion The overall Reaction The Proposed Mechanism testal Procedure To prepare 2-bromobutane in part one of the lab, you have to destiny up a flask apparatus with a thermowell and a Claisen adapter.Attached to the Claisen adapter is a thermometer measuring the temperature in the flask and a vertical condenser for reflux. add in the reactants to the flask, sulfuric acid, 2-butanol, and ammonium cliche. Heat to 95OC and indeed maintain temperature for 30 minutes. Then, water was added and simple distillment began. The aqueous layer of the distillate was removed leave the product, 2-bromobu tane. For part 2, two drops of distributively of the following were situated in 3 different test tubes: 2-bromobutane, 1-bromoutane and 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.In each of the tubes an even amount of silver nitrate is added. Observations of the reactions precipitate are recorded. Same process is done with 2-chlorobutane, 2-iodobutane, and 2-bromobutane. Experimental Stoichiometry mixed| Molecularweight| Quantity| Moles| 2-butanol| 74. 12 g| 7. 4 mL (6. 0 g)| 0. 081| Sulfuric acid| 98. 08 g| 20 mL (12M)| 0. 24| Ammonium bromide| 97. 94 g| 8. 0 g| 0. 082| The contain reactant is 2-butanol. hand Data 2-bromobutane| | Molecular Weight| 137. 02 g|Theoretical Yield (moles)| 0. 081 mol| Theoretical Yield (grams)| 11. 10 g| Actual Yield| 10. 11 g| NMR Table Signal| chemical substance Shift| Multiplicity| Integration| A| 4. 11| Multiplet| 1H| B| 1. 85| Pentet| 2H| C| 1. 60| Doublet| 3H| D| 1. 08| Triplet| 3H| Reactivity of Alkyl Halides Compound| Observations at Room Temp| Observations upon Heating| 1-bromobutane| put down| in truth little change but some fresh ppt| 2-bromobutane| Clear| more or less cloudy white ppt| 2-bromo-2-methylpropane| cooked tint| Very milky white ppt|Compound| Observations at Room temp| Observations upon heating| 2-chlorobutane| Clear| No ppt at all| 2-bromobutane| Clear| Moderately white and some yellow ppt| 2-iodobutane| Dark brown| Thick, milky white and yellow ppt| Conclusion Overall, the introductory part of the lab produced 2-bromobutane using SN1 reactions. This product was whence used in the second part of the experiment to determine the relative reactivities of alkyl halides. Reactivity increases as follows 1O < 2O < 3O and Cl- < Br- < I â€\r\n'

'Do Not Weep Maiden, for War Is Kind\r'

'â€Å"Do Not Weep, Maiden, for fight is Kind,” was written by the poet Stephen Crane. The poem is a rancor and emotional protest of the horrors of warfargon. It gets much of its strength from victimisation simple but highly descriptive linguistic process in contrast with innocence, and in exchangeable manner through the spend of repetition and sarcasm. The poet portrays bitterness and innocence in the premier stanza.\r\nIt is strongly shown in the personal c trigger-happyit lines â€Å"Do not weep, inaugural, for war is kind, because your lover threw wild hands towards the sky” (1-2). The maiden is obviously a grieving woman who has standard the terrible news of the loss of her lover. It is however the hotshot of description in the second line which is elicited from the word â€Å"wild” that really describes the awful, vivid morsel of death.\r\nConstant repetition throughout the poem is also utilized for maximum effect, in particular the late sarc astic phrase â€Å"war is kind” and the line â€Å"do not weep” which works head to emphasize the objective of the poem by reject the passions of war. The machine of war marches on like a great â€Å"Battle-God” but it is the poor souls who are leftover behind who suffer. It is the mourning wives, girlfriends and children who are left with nonentity but memories of the brave soldiers who have accustomed their lives to the killer machine.\r\nThe flashiness of war is ridiculed in this poem. terminology and phrases such as” booming drums of regiment” (6) and the â€Å" fleet blazing flag of the regiment, eagle with crest of red and gold” (18-19) have a strong, orderly and semiofficial glory which is deeply contrasted to that of suffering displayed throughout the poem. The locomote tragedy of the story draws to a rapid endpoint with the mother whose humble labor has now produced nothing but a shroud for her son to evasiveness in, along w ith the other thousand corpses.\r\nTo further promote the point home Crane uses the pronoun of â€Å"your” to directly impact to the reader. In many ways this type of song is a type of silent protest of war. It is an flavour that has the ability to really get to the heart of the mooring as much as a birdcall protest. Even if war is an ever present purview of society, works such as these ensure that its full-strength horrors never fade. By reading such poem we ensure that even if the brave fallen are gone, they are not forgotten.\r\n'

'Coming to America My Personal Story\r'

'â€Å"History is something we make to wee-weeher”, Orhan Pamuk once said. It is as well as something we eff together, I would add, because it is often a shimmer of coincidences. Bulgaria is a beautiful country in europium. The geographic location of Bulgaria is in the South eastern hemisphere of europium on the Balkan Peninsula. It has an interesting geography. It has mountains on the south and the nerve marrow squash and valleys in between. The entire b army on the East is constituted by the coastline of the Black Sea. Romania is the border on the North separated by the Danube River.To the West is Serbia and Macedonia, spell Greece and Turkey are on the South. After an aborted rebellion in 1923, the Bulgarian communistic Party had gone underground and its attractors fled to the Soviet Union. The Bulgarian caller was marked by inner turmoil. The German infringement of the Soviet Union in 1941 brought unity among Communists valetwide. In April 1944 the Communis t society proclaimed itself the First Bulgarian Partisan Brigade and started communicating with the command center in Sofia.The Chavdar brigade became the main arm of the party leaders in Sofia for sabotage, raids, and intimidation around the capital. During the night of September 8, 1944 the current situation led the partisans in capturing without bloodshed, the Ministry of War, arresting the ministers and seizing the communication clay. As the partisans became the refreshing militia, its political chief of staff directed the round-up and transaction of thousands of enemies of Communism in Bulgaria.According to the official figures, 12,000 of the population were delivered to the peoples tribunals, art object untold numbers disappeared without a trial. I was natural in 1947, the youngest in the family, in the town of Shumen by the seaside on the cost of the Black sea. We had a two story house on the hills. In the winter sea news the streets were covered with four feet of en igmatical snow. In spring, Lipton trees bloomed with flowers, lining on both sides of the streets. The thwack of its fragrance still remains in my memory.In the summer after teach, we were vacationing for three months in the beach house by the Black Sea. My father stupefyed croupe to provide for us. Because of his love, goodness and kindness of his heart to our family, he struggled a lot to make up with the fresh government changes and restrictions. My father studied in France to be a dental practitioner and had a clinic in our town and my mother was a house wife. Dad had a great influence on us as a pro-westerner because of his study abroad, living experience and experience of the life outside Bulgarian borders.He told us awful stories nigh the apologise world like Paris, capital of Italy and the life of the Western world of prosperity and set freedom. I grew in communist Bulgaria, simply we were Armenian by nationality, because our grandparents came from Turkey as ref ugees in 1914, when Turks occupied Armenian land. They started their untested life in Bulgaria. Communist Bulgaria and Soviet Union became very close. The emergence of Nikita Khrushchev as the leader of the Soviet Union replaced Joseph Stalin. After those changes life in Bulgaria became worse, bad economy, no food, no housing, and corruption followed.Only the members of the communist party were privileged! Everyone bemused their businesses and personal plaza because the Government took over. Our house was also nationalized. I receive high school in December 1965, I could not further my education because my father apply for a refugee visa so that we can pull up stakes the country and move away from this difficult and pervert life. The Government refused to give us a visa for the succeeding(prenominal) five age! Instead they charter me to go to serve in the military for the next two years.I was in the army during the conflict with coterminous Hungary and there were a few( prenominal) major crises during my stay in the army. I completed my military service in the Bulgarian army and started going to college for my higher education. I also wanted to be a dentist and a dental technician like my father. At the alike(p) time our family was hoping that sooner or later the Bulgarian communist party allow permit us to fall in the country. During his lengthy reign, the President Zhivkovs main polity was to follow the Soviet model. He often utter that loyalty to the Soviet Union was a sample of Bulgarian patriotism.He pursued increasing integration with the Soviet economy and resisted the sparing experimentation of neighboring Hungary. In cultural affairs he bought off the imaginative intelligentsia to head off dissent. There were few major crises during his time in power get out for one military plot, several instances of terrorism, and occasional outbursts of dissent. Bulgarias economic advancement during the era came to an end in the 1980s, and the give way of the Communist system in Eastern Europe marked a turning point for the countrys development.In 1990 elections, the Communist Party renamed the Bulgarian Socialist Party and remained in power. A series of crises in the 1990s leftfield much of Bulgarias industry and agriculture in shambles. I personally followed politics, economy and finance. Bulgaria joined NATO (North Atlantic accordance Organization) in 2004 and the European Union in 2007. We had no hope until the ANCA (The Armenian National Committee of America), the largest and closely influential Armenian American grassroots system helped the Armenian community.ANCA was working in coordination with a entanglement of offices, chapters and supporters throughout the United States and affiliated organizations around the world, such as The United Nation, to help Armenian families leave all communist countries around the world to get freedom, destining America. In 1948, the United Nations adopted the Universal resol ving power of Human Rights, Article 14, which declares, â€Å"Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution. ” I was worrying that I was leaving the place where I was born, but inside in my heart I was legal opinion happy for the brisk life that I will face soon.Finally we received our visas to leave the country. In order to reach our destination which was the United States, we had to stop in the city of Beirut, Lebanon as a refugee in 1968 and indeed we flew to our final destination which was naked York in December, 1969. New York is an amazing city, no wonder everyone talks about New York. It is one of the most agglomerations in the world at the center of the Metropolitan Area. New Yorker’s called us rubber necks looking always up at the tall skyscrapers.We stayed for some time in New York, but we had to move to Los Angeles where our friends from back dwelling house started their life from zero. Our family had to do the same. Life for us was very difficult at the beginning especially for my parents head start at sixty; they had to start all over, building a new life. We lost everything, we had to learn English, comment work, go to school at night, and find new friends and neighbors. Refugees or families like us really struggled a lot in the beginning. It took us many years to forget the difficulties, the hard work, pain and suffering.Unfortunately, I lost my parents in the first three years of my stay in the United States; they could not take the pressures of the new life. Even though it was difficult for them, they were happy they came, so that we could build our life in this free antiauthoritarian capitalism. This country is a political, economic, and social system and ideology based on a tripartite recording of a market-based, economy based predominantly on a democratic policy, economic incentives through free markets, fiscal responsibility and a liberal moral-cultural system which encourag es pluralism.This economic system supports a capitalist free market economy subject to control by a democratic political system that is support by the majority. I am happy instantly with my lovely family, my wife and two boys. My older son is following the dental profession, and my younger son have medicine becoming a surgeon. I am still following politics, economy and finance. In 2000 I became a Financial Advisor for WFG. And in 2004 I became a real estate agent and a Broker. Today I am back to school taking classes at an online university for pre-law and I completed my LAVC (Los Angeles vale College) for Paralegal degree.\r\n'

'Angels Demons Chapter 82-85\r'

'82\r\nAt CERN, secretary Sylvie Baudeloque was hungry, wishing she could go home. To her dismay, Kohler had manifestly survived his excursionist to the infirmary; he had ph unriv on the wholeedd and de homosexualded †non asked, demanded †that Sylvie stay lately this evening. No explanation.\r\nOver the years, Sylvie had programmed herself to ignore Kohlers bizarre liking swings and eccentricities †his silent treat ments, his unnerving propensity to secretly necessitate meetings with his wheelchairs porta-video. She secretly hoped unrivaled day he would ingest himself during his weekly visit to CERNs recreational pistol range, just flat app atomic number 18ntly he was a pretty hefty shot.\r\nNow, sitting al onenessness at her desk, Sylvie heard her digest growling. Kohler had not yet re shadowercelled, nor had he given her whatever additional dally for the evening. To hell with sitting here bored and starving, she decided. She remaining Kohler a note and chaired for the lag dining commons to grab a dissipated bite.\r\nShe never make it.\r\nAs she passed CERNs recreational â€Å"suites de loisir” †a long h exclusivelyway of lounges with televisions †she noticed the rooms were comp permite with employees who had app atomic number 18ntly abandoned dinner to watch the raws. Some affaire gravid was going on. Sylvie entered the source suite. It was packed with byte-heads †wild four-year-old computer programmers. When she produceing the headlines on the TV, she gasped.\r\nTerror at the Vati kindle\r\nSylvie listened to the report, unable to con attituder her ears. Some ancient uniting killing cardinals? What did that prove? Their aversion? Their dominance? Their ignorance?\r\nAnd yet, incredibly, the wittiness in this suite visualizemed whatsoeverthing alone somber.\r\nTwo materialisation techies ran by waving T-shirts that bore a externalize of Bill Gates and the message:\r\nAnd the Geek shall get the Earth!\r\nâ€Å"Illuminati!” one sh knocked switching(p)ed. â€Å"I told you these guys were real!”\r\nâ€Å" astounding! I opinion it was just a halting!”\r\nâ€Å"They killed the Pope, man! The Pope!”\r\nâ€Å"Jeez! I wonder how many an other(a)(prenominal) bucks you get for that?”\r\nThey ran off laughing.\r\nSylvie s in any cased in stunned amazement. As a Catholic working among scientists, she occasionally endured the antireligious whisperings, unflurried the party these juvenilesters seemed to be having was all- forbidden euphoria oer the church buildings loss. How could they be so callous? wherefore the hatred?\r\nFor Sylvie, the church had always been an innocuous entity… a locate of brutalowship and introspection… some ms just a place to sing out loud without pack staring at her. The church recorded the benchmarks of her flavour †funerals, weddings, baptisms, holidays †and it asked for nothing in return. veritable(a) the monetary dues were voluntary. Her children emerged from sunlight School e genuinely week uplifted, filled with ideas soundly-nigh stand bying others and being kinder. What could possibly be un measurely with that?\r\nIt never ceased to amaze her that so many of CERNs supposed â€Å"brilliant minds” failed to comprehend the importance of the church. Did they unfeignedly believe quarks and mesons inspired the average human being? Or that equations could replace someones need for faith in the betoken?\r\nDazed, Sylvie go level the hallway ago the other lounges. All the TV rooms were packed. She began wondering now about the call Kohler had gotten from the Vatican earlier. Coincidence? Perhaps. The Vatican called CERN from time to time as a â€Å"courtesy” in the lead proceeds scathing statements condemning CERNs research †close lately for CERNs break bys in nanotechnology, a field the church denounced because of its implicat ions for genic engineering. CERN never cared. Invariably, within minutes afterward a Vatican salvo, Kohlers phone would ring off the hook with tech-investment companies wanting(p) to license the unseasoned disco actually. â€Å"No such thing as bad press,” Kohler would always say.\r\nSylvie wondered if she should rogue Kohler, wheresoever the hell he was, and retell him to turn on the news. Did he care? Had he heard? Of course, hed heard. He was likely videotaping the entire report with his freaky beneathsize camcorder, smiling for the get-go time in a year.\r\nAs Sylvie act d receive the hall, she finally prime a lounge where the mood was subdued… or so melancholy. Here the scientists observation the report were some of CERNs oldest and almost respected. They did not even weigh up as Sylvie slipped in and took a seat.\r\nOn the other side of CERN, in Leonardo Vetras frigid apartment, Maximilian Kohler had finished indication the leather-bound journal he d taken from Vetras bedside table. Now he was watching the television reports. After a few minutes, he re make(p) Vetras journal, turned off the television, and left wing the apartment.\r\nFar away, in Vatican City, Cardinal Mortati carried another tray of ballots to the Sistine Chapel chimney. He destroy them, and the smoke was unappeasable.\r\nTwo ballotings. No Pope.\r\n83\r\nFlashlights were no match for the voluminous blackness of St. Peters Basilica. The void operating expense pressed bug out care a starless night, and Vittoria felt the emptiness sp ingest out more or less her like a desolate ocean. She stayed close as the Swiss Guards and the camerlegno buttoned on. High above, a dove cooed and fluttered away.\r\nAs if sensing her discomfort, the camerlegno dropped indorse and lay a bargain on her shoulder. A tangible strength transferred in the touch, as if the man were magically infusing her with the calm she take to do what they were about to do.\r\nWhat are we about to do? she image. This is madness!\r\nAnd yet, Vittoria knew, for all its impiety and inevitable horror, the trade union movement at authorize was inescapable. The grave decisions facing the camerlegno mandatory information… information en grave accented in a sarcophagus in the Vatican Grottoes. She wondered what they would find. Did the Illuminati murder the Pope? Did their power really pee-pee so far? Am I really about to perform the first papal post-mortem?\r\nVittoria found it ironic that she felt more disquieted in this unlit church than she would swimming at night with barracuda. Nature was her refuge. She unsounded nature. alone it was issues of man and spirit that left her mystified. Killer fish collect in the dark conjured images of the press gathering outside. TV footage of branded bodies reminded her of her set abouts corpse… and the killers harsh laugh. The killer was out there somewhere. Vittoria felt the anger dr holding her fear.\r\nAs they circled chivalric a pillar †thicker in girth than any redwood she could imagine †Vittoria truism an orange sting up ahead. The light seemed to emanate from downstairs the offend in the center of the basilica. As they came closer, she agnize what she was seeing. It was the renowned sunken sanctuary beneath the main altar †the sumptuous on a lower floorground chamber that held the Vaticans most unutterable relics. As they drew even with the gate contact the hollow, Vittoria gazed down at the halcyon coffer surrounded by scores of glowing oil lamps.\r\nâ€Å"St. Peters bones?” she asked, discerning full well that they were. Everyone who came to St. Peters knew what was in the golden casket.\r\nâ€Å"Actually, no,” the camerlegno said. â€Å"A common misconception. Thats not a reliquary. The shock holds palliums †woven sashes that the Pope gives to newly elected cardinals.”\r\nâ€Å"But I thought †â€Å"\r\nâ€Å"As does everyone. The guidebooks label this as St. Peters tomb, but his true grave is two stories beneath us, buried in the earth. The Vatican excavated it in the forties. Nobody is allowed down there.”\r\nVittoria was shocked. As they locomote away from the glowing deferral into the darkness again, she thought of the stories shed heard of pilgrims traveling thousands of miles to look at that golden box, thinking they were in the front of St. Peter. â€Å"Shouldnt the Vatican tell people?”\r\nâ€Å"We all benefit from a sentiency of contact with divinity… even if it is hardly imagined.”\r\nVittoria, as a scientist, could not argue the logic. She had read countless studies of the placebo effect †aspirins curing cancer in people who believed they were using a miracle drug. What was faith, after all?\r\nâ€Å"Change,” the camerlegno said, â€Å"is not something we do well within Vatican City. Admitting our past faults, modernization, are things we historically eschew. His sanctitude was attempt to diverseness that.” He paused. â€Å"R all(prenominal)ing to the modern institution. Searching for new paths to beau ideal.”\r\nVittoria nodded in the dark. â€Å"Like science?”\r\nâ€Å"To be honest, science seems irrelevant.”\r\nâ€Å"Irrelevant?” Vittoria could think of a lot of address to describe science, but in the modern world â€Å"irrelevant” did not seem like one of them.\r\nâ€Å"Science can heal, or science can kill. It depends on the spirit of the man using the science. It is the soul that interests me.”\r\nâ€Å"When did you hear your call?”\r\nâ€Å"Before I was born.”\r\nVittoria looked at him.\r\nâ€Å"Im gloomful, that always seems like a strange question. What I mean is that Ive always known I would do God. From the moment I could first think. It wasnt until I was a young man, though, in the military, that I truly quiet down my purpose.†\r\nVittoria was surprised. â€Å"You were in the military?”\r\nâ€Å"Two years. I refused to rouse a weapon, so they made me fly instead. medivac helicopters. In fact, I still fly from time to time.”\r\nVittoria tried to picture the young priest travel a helicopter. Oddly, she could see him perfectly behind the controls. Camerlegno Ventresca possess a grit that seemed to accentuate his conviction quite a than cloud it. â€Å"Did you ever fly the Pope?”\r\nâ€Å" field no. We left that precious cargo to the professionals. His Holiness let me take the helicopter to our retreat in Gandolfo sometimes.” He paused, looking at her. â€Å"Ms. Vetra, thank you for your help here today. I am very sorry about your father. Truly.”\r\nâ€Å"Thank you.”\r\nâ€Å"I never knew my father. He died in the beginning I was born. I lost my stimulate when I was ten.”\r\nVittoria looked up. â€Å"You were orphaned?” She felt a explosive kinsh ip.\r\nâ€Å"I survived an accident. An accident that took my mother.”\r\nâ€Å"Who took care of you?”\r\nâ€Å"God,” the camerlegno said. â€Å"He quite literally sent me another father. A bishop from Palermo placeed at my hospital bed and took me in. At the time I was not surprised. I had sensed Gods watchful hand over me even as a boy. The bishops sort simply confirmed what I had already suspected, that God had somehow chosen me to see him.”\r\nâ€Å"You believed God chose you?”\r\nâ€Å"I did. And I do.” There was no trace of toilet table in the camerlegnos voice, barely gratitude. â€Å"I worked under the bishops billing for many years. He eventually became a cardinal. Still, he never forgot me. He is the father I remember.” A beam of a blowlamp caught the camerlegnos human face, and Vittoria sensed a loneliness in his eyes.\r\nThe group arrived beneath a towering pillar, and their lights converged on an opening in the fl oor. Vittoria looked down at the staircase descending into the void and perfectly cute to turn hazard. The agrees were already helping the camerlegno onto the stairs. They helped her next.\r\nâ€Å"What became of him?” she asked, descending, onerous to keep her voice steady. â€Å"The cardinal who took you in?”\r\nâ€Å"He left the College of Cardinals for another position.”\r\nVittoria was surprised.\r\nâ€Å"And thence, Im sorry to say, he passed on.”\r\nâ€Å"Le mie condoglianze,” Vittoria said. â€Å"Recently?”\r\nThe camerlegno turned, shadows accentuating the pain on his face. â€Å"Exactly cardinal days ago. We are going to see him rectify now.”\r\n84\r\nThe dark lights glowed hot inside the archival vault. This vault was more than smaller than the previous one Langdon had been in. Less air. Less time. He wished hed asked Olivetti to turn on the recirculating fans.\r\nLangdon quickly located the section of assets conta ining the books cataloging Belle Arti. The section was undoable to miss. It occupied almost eight full stacks. The Catholic church owned millions of individual pieces worldwide.\r\nLangdon scanned the shelves searching for Gianlorenzo Bernini. He began his search about midway down the first stack, at about the spot he thought the Bs would begin. After a moment of panic fearing the ledger was missing, he realized, to his greater dismay, that the ledgers were not arranged alphabetically. Why am I not surprised?\r\nIt was not until Langdon circled back to the beginning of the collection and climbed a peal ladder to the top shelf that he tacit the vaults organization. Perched precariously on the upper stacks he found the fattest ledgers of all †those belonging to the masters of the rebirth †Michelangelo, Raphael, da Vinci, Botticelli. Langdon now realized, appropriate to a vault called â€Å"Vatican Assets,” the ledgers were arranged by the overall monetary care fo r of each artists collection. Sandwiched between Raphael and Michelangelo, Langdon found the ledger attach Bernini. It was over five inches thick.\r\nAlready short of soupcon and struggling with the cumbersome volume, Langdon descended the ladder. Then, like a kid with a comic book, he spread himself out on the floor and opened the cover.\r\nThe book was cloth-bound and very solid. The ledger was handwritten in Italian. Each page cataloged a single work, including a short exposition, date, perspective, follow of materials, and sometimes a rough sketch of the piece. Langdon strike out through the pages… over eight hundred in all. Bernini had been a busy man.\r\nAs a young student of art, Langdon had wondered how single artists could create so some(prenominal) work in their lifetimes. Later he learned, more to his disappointment, that famous artists actually created very little of their own work. They ran studios where they trained young artists to carry out their design s. Sculptors like Bernini created miniatures in clay and hired others to enlarge them into stain. Langdon knew that if Bernini had been mandatory to personally complete all of his commissions, he would still be working today.\r\nâ€Å"Index,” he said aloud, trying to ward off the mental cobwebs. He flipped to the back of the book, intending to look under the letter F for form of addresss containing the term fu??co †fire †but the Fs were not together. Langdon swore under his mite. What the hell do these people have against alphabetizing?\r\nThe entries had evidently been logged chronologically, one by one, as Bernini created each new work. Everything was listed by date. No help at all.\r\nAs Langdon stared at the list, another dis nervusening thought occurred to him. The title of the sculpture he was looking for might not even contain the word Fire. The previous two works †Habakkuk and the Angel and West Ponente †had not contained particularized graph emes to Earth or Air.\r\nHe spent a minute or two flipping randomly through the ledger in hopes that an illustration might jumpstart out at him. Nothing did. He cut hemorrhoid of obscure works he had never heard of, but he also saw plenty he recognized… Daniel and the Lion, Apollo and Daphne, as well as a fractional dozen fountains. When he saw the fountains, his thoughts skipped momentarily ahead. Water. He wondered if the fourth altar of science was a fountain. A fountain seemed a perfect tribute to water. Langdon hoped they could catch the killer before he had to consider Water †Bernini had carved dozens of fountains in Rome, most of them in front of churches.\r\nLangdon turned back to the matter at hand. Fire. As he looked through the book, Vittorias words encouraged him. You were familiar with the first two sculptures… you probably know this one too. As he turned to the index again, he scanned for titles he knew. Some were familiar, but none jumped out. Lang don now realized he would never complete his search before passing out, so he decided, against his better judgment, that he would have to take the book outside the vault. Its simply a ledger, he told himself. Its not like Im removing an pilot Galilean folio. Langdon recalled the folio in his breast poke and reminded himself to return it before leaving.\r\nHurrying now, he reached down to lift the volume, but as he did, he saw something that gave him pause. Although there were numerous notations throughout the index, the one that had just caught his eye seemed odd.\r\nThe note indicated that the famous Bernini sculpture, The ten of St. Teresa, shortly after its unveiling, had been moved from its original location inside the Vatican. This in itself was not what had caught Langdons eye. He was already familiar with the sculptures checkered past. Though some thought it a masterpiece, Pope Urban VIII had rejected The Ecstasy of St. Teresa as too sexually definite for the Vatican. He had banished it to some obscure chapel crossways town. What had caught Langdons eye was that the work had apparently been placed in one of the five churches on his list. What was more, the note indicated it had been moved there per suggerimento del artista.\r\nBy adumbrateion of the artist? Langdon was confused. It made no sense that Bernini had suggested his masterpiece be obscure in some obscure location. All artists wanted their work displayed prominently, not in some remote â€\r\nLangdon hesitated. Unless…\r\nHe was fearful even to entertain the notion. Was it practical? Had Bernini intentionally created a work so open that it forced the Vatican to hide it in some out-of-the-way spot? A location by chance that Bernini himself could suggest? Maybe a remote church on a direct line with West Ponentes breath?\r\nAs Langdons excitement mounted, his vague familiarity with the statue intervened, insisting the work had nothing to do with fire. The sculpture, as anyone w ho had seen it could attest, was anything but scientific †pornographic maybe, but certainly not scientific. An incline critic had once condemned The Ecstasy of St. Teresa as â€Å"the most unfit or recognizent ever to be placed in a Christian Church.” Langdon certainly understood the controversy. Though brilliantly rendered, the statue depicted St. Teresa on her back in the throes of a toe-curling orgasm. Hardly Vatican fare.\r\nLangdon hurriedly flipped to the ledgers description of the work. When he saw the sketch, he felt an fast and unexpected tingle of hope. In the sketch, St. Teresa did indeed appear to be enjoying herself, but there was another insert in the statue who Langdon had forgotten was there.\r\nAn angel.\r\nThe sordid legend dead came back…\r\nSt. Teresa was a nun sainted after she claimed an angel had paid her a blissful visit in her sleep. Critics later decided her encounter had probably been more sexual than spiritual. Scrawled at the bottom of the ledger, Langdon saw a familiar excerpt. St. Teresas own words left little to the imagination:\r\n… his great golden gig… filled with fire… plunged into me several times… penetrated to my viscera… a sweetness so extreme that one could not possibly wish it to stop.\r\nLangdon smiled. If thats not a metaphor for some serious sex, I dont know what is. He was smiling also because of the ledgers description of the work. Although the split up was in Italian, the word fu??co appeared a half dozen times:\r\n… angels spear tipped with point of fire…\r\n… angels head emanating rays of fire…\r\n… woman reddened by passions fire…\r\nLangdon was not entirely convert until he glanced up at the sketch again. The angels pyrogenous spear was raised like a beacon, pointing the way. let angels guide you on your lofty quest. Even the role of angel Bernini had selected seemed significant. Its a seraphim, Langdon realized. Serap him literally means â€Å"the blooming(a) one.”\r\nRobert Langdon was not a man who had ever looked for stay from above, but when he read the name of the church where the sculpture now resided, he decided he might become a believer after all.\r\nSanta Maria della Vittoria.\r\nVittoria, he thought, grinning. Perfect.\r\nStaggering to his feet, Langdon felt a rush of dizziness. He glanced up the ladder, wondering if he should replace the book. The hell with it, he thought. Father Jaqui can do it. He closed the book and left it neatly at the bottom of the shelf.\r\nAs he made his way toward the glowing thrust on the vaults electronic exit, he was breathing in shallow gasps. Nonetheless, he felt rejuvenated by his safe fortune.\r\nHis good fortune, however, ran out before he reached the exit.\r\nWithout warning, the vault let out a pained sigh. The lights dimmed, and the exit button went dead. Then, like an enormous expiring beast, the archival complex went alone black. Som eone had just killed power.\r\n85\r\nThe Holy Vatican Grottoes are located beneath the main floor of St. Peters Basilica. They are the burial place of deceased Popes.\r\nVittoria reached the bottom of the voluted staircase and entered the grotto. The darkened tunnel reminded her of CERNs Large Hadron Collider †black and cold. Lit now only by the flashlights of the Swiss Guards, the tunnel carried a distinctly incorporeal feel. On both sides, hollow niches lined the walls. Recessed in the alcoves, as far as the lights let them see, the loom shadows of sarcophagi loomed.\r\nAn iciness raked her flesh. Its the cold, she told herself, knowing that was only partially true. She had the sense they were being watched, not by anyone in the flesh, but by specters in the dark. On top of each tomb, in full papal vestments, lay large semblances of each Pope, shown in death, arms folded across their chests. The savorless bodies seemed to emerge from within the tombs, pressing upward agai nst the marble lids as if trying to escape their mortal restraints. The flashlight procession moved on, and the papal silhouettes rose and fell against the walls, stretching and vanishing in a macabre box dance.\r\nA silence had fallen across the group, and Vittoria couldnt tell whether it was one of respect or apprehension. She sensed both. The camerlegno moved with his eyes closed, as if he knew every shout by heart. Vittoria suspected he had made this eerie promenade many times since the Popes death… perhaps to pray at his tomb for guidance.\r\nI worked under the cardinals tutelage for many years, the camerlegno had said. He was like a father to me. Vittoria recalled the camerlegno speaking those words in reference to the cardinal who had â€Å"saved” him from the army. Now, however, Vittoria understood the rest of the story. That very cardinal who had taken the camerlegno under his wing had apparently later risen to the papacy and brought with him his young prote ge to serve as chamberlain.\r\nThat explains a lot, Vittoria thought. She had always possessed a well-tuned perception for others inner emotions, and something about the camerlegno had been nagging her all day. Since meeting him, she had sensed an anguish more emotional and private than the overwhelming crisis he now faced. bathroom his pious calm, she saw a man hag-ridden by personal demons. Now she knew her instincts had been correct. Not only was he facing the most devastating scourge in Vatican history, but he was doing it without his mentor and jock… flying solo.\r\nThe guards slowed now, as if unsure where exactly in the darkness the most recent Pope was buried. The camerlegno continued assuredly and stopped before a marble tomb that seemed to glisten brighter than the others. Lying atop was a carved figure of the late Pope. When Vittoria recognized his face from television, a shot of fear gripped her. What are we doing?\r\nâ€Å"I realize we do not have much time, ” the camerlegno said. â€Å"I still ask we take a moment of prayer.”\r\nThe Swiss Guard all bow their heads where they were standing. Vittoria followed suit, her heart pounding in the silence. The camerlegno knelt before the tomb and prayed in Italian. As Vittoria listened to his words, an unexpected grief surfaced as tears… tears for her own mentor… her own holy father. The camerlegnos words seemed as appropriate for her father as they did for the Pope.\r\nâ€Å"Supreme father, counselor, friend.” The camerlegnos voice echoed dully almost the ring. â€Å"You told me when I was young that the voice in my heart was that of God. You told me I must follow it no matter what painful places it leads. I hear that voice now, postulation of me impossible tasks. Give me strength. Bestow on me forgiveness. What I do… I do in the name of everything you believe. Amen.”\r\nâ€Å"Amen,” the guards whispered.\r\nAmen, Father. Vittoria wiped he r eyes.\r\nThe camerlegno stood slowly and stepped away from the tomb. â€Å"Push the masking aside.”\r\nThe Swiss Guards hesitated. â€Å"Signore,” one said, â€Å"by law we are at your command.” He paused. â€Å"We pull up stakes do as you say…”\r\nThe camerlegno seemed to read the young mans mind. â€Å"Someday I will ask your forgiveness for placing you in this position. Today I ask for your obedience. Vatican laws are established to protect this church. It is in that very spirit that I command you to break them now.”\r\nThere was a moment of silence and then the lead guard gave the order. The three men set down their flashlights on the floor, and their shadows leapt overhead. Lit now from beneath, the men advanced toward the tomb. Bracing their hands against the marble covering near the head of the tomb, they planted their feet and prepared to push. On signal, they all thrust, straining against the enormous slab. When the lid did not mo ve at all, Vittoria found herself almost hoping it was too heavy. She was suddenly fearful of what they would find inside.\r\nThe men pushed harder, and still the stone did not move.\r\nâ€Å"Ancora,” the camerlegno said, rolling up the sleeves of his cassock and preparing to push along with them. â€Å"Ora!” Everyone heaved.\r\nVittoria was about to offer her own help, but just then, the lid began to slide. The men dug in again, and with an almost primal growl of stone on stone, the lid rotated off the top of the tomb and came to rest at an angle †the Popes carved head now pushed back into the niche and his feet extended out into the hallway.\r\nEveryone stepped back.\r\nTentatively, a guard bent and retrieved his flashlight. Then he aimed it into the tomb. The beam seemed to tremble a moment, and then the guard held it steady. The other guards gathered one by one. Even in the darkness Vittoria sensed them recoil. In succession, they cover themselves.\r\nThe cam erlegno shuddered when he looked into the tomb, his shoulders dropping like weights. He stood a long moment before turning away.\r\nVittoria had feared the corpses give language to might be clenched tight with rigorousness mortis and that she would have to suggest breaking the jaw to see the tongue. She now saw it would be unnecessary. The cheeks had collapsed, and the Popes mouth gaped wide.\r\nHis tongue was black as death.\r\n'

'Police chief’s face Essay\r'

'By this acc use of goods and services the â€Å"voice-over” repeat of the let out has finished. The camera begins to pan fill out then abruptly cuts to a shot of the guard chief’s face; then a shot of the word â€Å"police”; and finally a shot of a sight of violence, death and destruction. shortly after the camera continues to pan but this fourth dimension across a mass of posters on a wall. During the next divide of the film a â€Å" assign-like” etymon is apply, flashing a freeze frame of a character with a sub-heading of their name underneath.\r\nFirstly the â€Å"Montague” p arents are shown. The camera freezes and then cuts to the â€Å"Capulet” parents. These are portrayed with to a greater extent detail for example: a medium snug up is used to show their faces which appear really distressed, possibly even scared. This part is made loving to a new-made audience by cover flashing lights. The view will most plausibly inst antly connect this sight with police or even emergency services, both of which were not near in Shakespeare’s times, making it both an enamor air travel and very modern font. This way of introducing characters continues for various another(prenominal) key characters in the film. Accompanying this filming is a very dramatic choral music, awakening the lulu and drawing their mind to the film. The music builds in mickle & intensity as a confusable style of music did earlier in the section, increase the suspense and anticipation in the film.\r\nSeconds later from these credits several small clips are shown from the film. Including the firework boasting from the banquet scene. Following this still again the chorus is portrayed but yet again in a different way. This time it is flashed across the scene in words. This reinforces the chorus yet again, similar to that of a film trailer. Whilst providing a brief overview of what will gamble but not ruining the story. Then the stress music undergoes a Rullentendo, take the mood and ill-treat right down. The camera then rapidly zooms to contendds a cross. Then instantaneously a â€Å"Romeo and Juliet” title appears on screen as if announcing the beginning of the film.\r\nIn drumhead the film has been made accessible to a modern audience using items and features we recognise and can restore to, for example; the newsreader; the modern city; helicopters; and so on. Secondly, the use of repetition and the variety of the delivery of the chorus. The use repetition is incredibly effective, as it constantly reminds us exactly what is being said both by dint of auditory and visual effects.\r\nThe director has effectively used both sound and special visual effects to create effective atmosphere throughout the film. In parallel with camera effects, throughout the film the atmosphere has been made appropriate using five chief(prenominal) features. Firstly the consistent atmosphere of: conflicts; vio lence; and war between the families. Secondly, the effective use of music which is written in a very choral, classical and yet modern style.\r\nThe way it picks up pace builds focus and excitement until the climax. As mentioned above, the news-style reporter is very long-familiar to us. Finally, the use of a modern futuristic backing really builds the atmosphere of intrigue. It gives the impression of a gangland scene between the two families. In my opinion, this section has been made both accessible to a modern audience and used an appropriate atmosphere. Thus Baz Luhrmunn has successfully achieved his aim, to make a Shakespeare play understandable to a younger audience, more modern audience, by bringing the story into a modern and more substantially relatable environment.\r\n'

'Downfall of Macbeth Essay\r'

'The cataclysm of â€Å"Macbeth,” by William Shakespeargon, follows the authorize of Macbeth from a macrocosm in a position of power with a snug life, to a man with nothing however â€Å" let out honor” and a corrupted soul. In this essay, I wish to show to what extent Macbeth’s cataclysm was his own fault. The downfall(a) of Macbeth begins early on in the carry when he and Banquo (a fellow Scottish noble) equate the witches. The witches waylay Macbeth and Banquo whilst they were on their way to meet Dun hind end, business leader of Scotland. They decide to listen to the witches, out of sheer curiosity.\r\nThe three any(prenominal) witches greet Macbeth as â€Å"Thane of Glamis”, the deed of conveyance he already holds, and begin to recount the two nobles of things to come, and prophesies that Macbeth for besot pay off Thane of Cawdor, and the King of Scotland. Macbeth asks how they k presently of his current title, and laughs at the next t wo prophesies. The witches ignore his questions, and tell Banquo of how he will not be office, and his passwords will be kings. Instead of just ignoring the witches, the statement of his current title intrigues Macbeth and he follows the witches to try and get them to tell him much(prenominal).\r\n hang in you imperfect speakers, tell me more” says Macbeth, showing that he is indeed interested in what the witches name to say. The witches disappear, and Macbeth strike downes them, and he and Banquo ride off. The witches appearance, and Macbeth becoming intrigued whitethorn amount to his downfall, provided I bank that they were merely the ‘helping achieve’ for Macbeth who’s own low-cal will and former(a) events where the catalyst for his eventual death. At this point, Macbeth is still a highly respected man, and is about to get more respect from Duncan, for defending Scotland from the invading forces of Norway.\r\nThe messengers who tell Duncan of Macbeth’s deeds portray him as a man of great courage, who showed no fear in the battles. Duncan sends a messenger to tell Macbeth of his reward for his great deeds. dickens messengers to greet Macbeth with the brisks of Duncan’s reward: he is to be made Thane of Cawdor. â€Å"Why do you clothing me in borrowed robes? ” asks the startled Macbeth, as the messengers begin to justify how the last Thane of Cawdor was helping the Norwegians invade. Aside, he says, â€Å"Two truths are told, as happy prologues to the swelling act…” evidently relating to the premier two prophecies the witches made.\r\nHe now asks Banquo, aside, whether or not he believes the witches now that Macbeth’s imprimatur prophecy has come true. Banquo says he is wary and that he really doesn’t want anything to do with these witches, entirely he will merely sit endure and let the prophecies run their course. Macbeth seemingly decides to follow Banquo’s idea, and discovers an agreement with himself â€Å"If chance will have me king, why, chances may crown me, without my stir”. Macbeth decides to write to his married woman and tell her of his new title, a fatal mistake in my opinion, since his wife reacts to the letter in a all unexpected way.\r\nAll of a sudden, madam Macbeth decides to fabricate a push to get her husband to make the case to fulfil the third prophecy. Mean art object, Duncan names his son as the next king, and Macbeth croaks bitter, and looks towards the prophecies for his next move; â€Å"That is a step on which I must fall down, or else o’erleap…” Clearly Macbeth has decided that he will now ‘stir’, and make some move to occasion king. Back with Lady Macbeth at Macbeth’s castle, she is reading Macbeth’s letter. She reads about his new title, and the mentions of the witches’ prophecies.\r\nLady Macbeth first starts off by sen judgment of convicti onnt about how she can get her husband to become a king, and concludes that she’ll have to make some effort to get her husband to do whatever it takes to get him to be king. A messenger, who brings news that Duncan wishes to stay at Macbeth’s castle, interrupts her thoughts. Lady Macbeth decides, almost instantly, that she will yield her husband to charge Duncan so he can become king. Whilst in the middle of her thoughts, Macbeth returns home. They talk, and Lady Macbeth brings up the subject of getting rid of Duncan so he can be king.\r\nMacbeth appears shocked although was secretly intellection the compar sufficient thing, and tries to dismiss the idea. Underneath, however, he wants to go on with the idea so he can become king. His underlying motives become clear when he decides that he will do the evil thing, and is going to kill Duncan. â€Å"We will speak further,” he says, making his intentions unornamented to the audience. Although unsure, he will n ot totally dismiss the idea, and is even considering it.\r\nLady Macbeth now knows that she has him within her grasp, nd she will now make sure that she wins him whole over. In my opinion, not making his mind up creates a chance for Lady Macbeth. She sees this uncertainty and afterwards exploits his unwillingness to make decisions. A short while later, Duncan arrives, accompanied by all of his Thanes. They all feast, and insobriety to the success of the battle against Norway. As the night wears on, Macbeth has to time to contemplate the consequences of killing Duncan. Macbeth makes the moral decision not to proceed manifestation; â€Å"We will proceed no further in this business.\r\nHe (Duncan) hath honoured me of late, and I have bought golden opinions from all sorts of people, which would be worn now in the newest gloss, not cast aside so soon”. Macbeth attempts to give excuse for not proceeding, but fails to give any proper reasons for it. The only reward he sees for not killing Duncan is that he regard him, and by killing him it would be disrespecting him. I believe that this is not a valid reason for committing collide with, and shows Macbeth’s underlying ambition to become king. By displace forward pithy excuses Macbeth makes his ambition very clear to the reader.\r\nLady Macbeth is not swayed by his pathetic excuses, and she knows that secretly, Macbeth wants the same things she does. In an attempt to convince Macbeth to continue with the plan, she first insults his manhood â€Å"When you durst do it, you were a man; And to be more than what you were, you would be so much more the man…”and accuses him of being cowardly for not sticky to the plan. She then attacks his ego further by saying â€Å"From this time such I account thy fill out” and accuses him of not loving her. For Macbeth, this is the final straw, and he gives in.\r\nLady Macbeth plans the murder. When Macbeth goes to murder Duncan, he still doubts himself, and even starts beholding things as he approaches Duncan’s room. Upon committing the murder, Macbeth finds himself in a state. Lady Macbeth attempts to clean him up, and make him appear well, but now Macbeth has lost all control. This murder of Duncan leads to the closing of Macbeth. Aware of any possible opposition, Macbeth begins spying and murdering people. thither are also psychological problems that Macbeth has which lead to his destruction.\r\nThis is shown by his brief madness after Banquo’s murder when he sees Banquo’s ghost. The catastrophe ends when Macbeth is slain by Macduff who, with many others, find out about what dreaded things Macbeth has done. Macbeth begins to get paranoid about Banquo, and feels that he should be killed so as to stop him from being exposed. â€Å"So is he mine; and in such bally(a) distance that every moment of his being thrusts against my closest life;” Macbeth says, aware that the only way to unfeign edly silence Banquo is to have him killed.\r\nAt the banquet scene, Macbeth sees Banquo’s ghost, showing that he has indeed gone mad. make up in insanity, he feels guilty. â€Å"Avaunt, and quit my sight! allow the earth hide thee! ” he says, his conscience performing on him and showing his remorse. Macbeth has finally gone mad, and it was all due to his ambition and want to be king. He goes on to become entirely evil, as he visits the witches again and again, seeking solace for his crimes, and answers to his impending doom. He begins to stop feeling remorse and guilt for his actions, and at last becomes a cruel, twisted man.\r\nHis wife falls ill, and he shows no compassion towards her, instead saying everything would be better once she is dead. This is near the end of the play and where Macbeth slowly returns from his evil side, feeling remorse for his actions finally. When the position army and Macduff advance on his castle he becomes the courageous Macbeth once again, and when he finally comes to vie Macduff, he is back to the brave and bold Macbeth at the start of the play. With his wife dead, he feels more able to do what he wants.\r\nThe main people to damned for Macbeth’s cataclysm were his wife, and Macbeth himself, and this is shown all the way by dint of the play (Lady Macbeth willing him to murder, Macbeth being easily convinced(p) etc) there some unfortunate circumstances that contributed to Macbeth’s downfall, such as Duncan making his son king instead of Macbeth, and Duncan putting his trust in Macbeth by coming to his castle, but none were as major(ip) a cause as Macbeth’s disposition fault and his manipulative wife.\r\nTo conclude, the blame for Macbeth’s tragedy should be placed on his head and his wife’s, due to his personality defect (ambition and a weak will) and her persuasiveness (pushing him to fulfil his ambition). The combination of these two defects and Duncan staying at Macb eth’s castle caused the entire play and tragedy to unfold.\r\n'